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p. 71 (11)<\/p>\n

\u3010\u723e\u6642\u6240\u5f97\u4e00\u5207\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u53ca\u5f8b\u5100\uff0c\u61c9\u5bd7\u6368\u547d\u5982\u7406\u8b77\u6301\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u554a\uff0c\u5b83\u5bc6\u6559\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u704c\u9802\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u300c\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u53eb\u8a93\u53e5\uff0c\u8a93\u53e5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u8aa4\u89e3\u5662\uff01\u9019\u500b\u8a93\u53e5\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u6211\u767c\u8a93\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u662f\u5bc6\u6559\u88e1\u908a\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8b77\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u51e1\u662f\u8b77\u6301\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u53d7\u90a3\u500b\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u7684\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f86\u8b77\u6301\u4f60\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ed6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b77\u6301\u4f60\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u9075\u5b88\u9019\u500b\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u8ddf\u4eba\u5bb6\u8a02\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u540c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c65\u884c\u9019\u500b\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u81ea\u5df1\u5b88\u7d04\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u5011\u72af\u4e86\u898f\uff0c\u7834\u4e86\u3001\u72af\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u4e0d\u7167\u898f\u77e9\u4f86\uff1f\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u8aaa\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3002\u5bc6\u6559\u7684\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u6212\u5f88\u96e3\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u8a8d\u771f\u6301\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a93\u53e5\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8b77\u6301\u90fd\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u76ca\u54e6\uff01\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8a93\u53e5\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u54ea\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u6211\u80fd\u5920\u5982\u5341\u65b9\u4e00\u5207\u8af8\u4f5b\u6240\u52a0\u6301\u6211\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7a2e\u5b50\uff0c\u589e\u9577\u3001\u4e0d\u9055\u80cc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u773c\u524d\u9019\u7a2e\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u518d\u53bb\u8b1b\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5f8b\u5100\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u83e9\u85a9\u5f8b\u5100\u3001\u8072\u805e\u5f8b\u5100\u9019\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u6c99\u5f4c\u5f8b\u5100\u958b (p93) \u59cb\u3002\u300c\u5bd7\u6368\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6368\u6389\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8981\u8b77\u6301\u3002\u547d\u6368\u6389\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e00\u7834\uff0c\u58de\u4e86\uff01\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8b77\u6301\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u547d\u6368\u6389\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b38\uff01\u4f60\u6b63\u597d\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5f97\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u78ba\u5f88\u82e6\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6c42\u6975\u6a02\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9019\u547d\u4e00\u6368\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5f97\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b77\u6212\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002\u5b83\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u561b\uff0c\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u56de\u5411\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5230\u6975\u6a02\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u53bb\u561b\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7279\u82e5\u53d7\u5176\u6839\u672c\u7f6a\u67d3\uff0c\u96d6\u53ef\u91cd\u53d7\uff0c\u7136\u76f8\u7e8c\u5df2\u58de\uff0c\u529f\u5fb7\u96e3\u751f\uff0c\u6545\u61c9\u52f5\u529b\uff0c\u83ab\u4ee4\u6839\u672c\u7f6a\u72af\u67d3\u8005\u3002\u53c8\u61c9\u52f5\u9632\u8af8\u652f\u7f6a\u67d3\uff0c\u8a2d\u53d7\u67d3\u8457\uff0c\u4ea6\u61c9\u6094\u9664\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ee4\u6de8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u53ca\u8af8\u5f8b\u5100\uff0c\u662f\u9053\u672c\u6545\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u8aaa\u7279\u5225\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8b77\u6301\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u300c\u6839\u672c\u7f6a\u300d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7f6a\u96d6\u7136\u72af\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u4e58\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u53d7\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u91cd\u53d7\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u76f8\u7e8c\u5df2\u7d93\u58de\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u76f8\u7e8c\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u5df2\u7d93\u58de\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u5fb7\u751f\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u500b\u6a5f\u5668\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5f04\u58de\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u63a5\u96fb\u7dda\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u5427\uff1f\u8981\u91cd\u4f86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7f6a\u72af\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e5f\u8981\u9632\u3002\u5982\u679c\u842c\u4e00\u6709\u72af\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u99ac\u4e0a\u53bb\u61fa\u9664\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u7faf\u78e8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u6e05\u6de8\u7121\u67d3\u3002\u842c\u4e00\u67d3\u4e86\u99ac\u4e0a\u6094\u9664\u3001\u9632\u8b77\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u6839\u672c\u3002\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5 (p94) \u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u58de\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5730\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e00\u58de\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6212\u554a\uff0c\u99ac\u99ac\u864e\u864e\u554a\uff01\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6212\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fa\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u6301\u6212\u5ff5\u4f5b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53c3\u79aa\u7b49\u7b49\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8868\u9762\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\u4eba\u597d\u50cf\u600e\u9ebc\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\uff0c\u4ed6\u54ea\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u554a\uff1f\u5b9a\u5171\u6212\u3001\u9053\u5171\u6212\u554a\uff01\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\u4eba\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8cab\u6ce8\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53c3\u4e00\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300c\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\u662f\u8ab0\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u54ea\u6709\u72af\u6212\uff1f\u72af\u6212\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5f62\u76f8\u4e0a\u9762\u53bb\u6478\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u932f\u5230\u54ea\u88e1\u53bb\u3002\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u5927\u5c0f\u4e58\u7684\u958b\u7de3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u6839\u672c\u800c\u8f49\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u662f\u2026\u2026\u5662\uff0c\u518d\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

p. 72<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u6b21\u65bc\u7e8c\u90e8\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0b\u90e8\u6709\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u751f\u6b21\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u96a8\u5176\u4e00\u7a2e\u5584\u5c0e\u4fee\u5b78\u3002\u6b64\u5805\u56fa\u5df2\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0b\u90e8\u7121\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u6eff\u6b21\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u96a8\u65bc\u5176\u4e00\u61c9\u5584\u4fee\u5b78\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u5bc6\u5492\u5b83\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u9032\u5165\u5bc6\u5492\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ddf\u4f60\u704c\u9802\uff0c\u704c\u4e86\u9802\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u8b77\u6301\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u8b77\u6301\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u6212\u2014\u8a93\u53e5\u8eab\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u51e1\u592b\u4fee\u7684\u8eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u696d\u5831\u8eab\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5bc6\u6559\u4fee\u7684\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u696d\u5831 (p95) \u8eab\uff0c\u5b83\u53eb\u4f5c\u300c\u8a93\u53e5\u8eab\u300d\uff0c\u8a93\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u8a93\u7684\u8a93\uff0c\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u53e5\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u4f5c\u8a93\u53e5\u5462\uff1f\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u5c31\u662f\u8a93\u53e5\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u6211\u767c\u8a93\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5f97\u6212\u9ad4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u6212\u9ad4\u662f\u4e94\u5206\u6cd5\u8eab\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u6212\u5b9a\u6167\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u4fee\u5b78\u5bc6\u6559\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u696d\u5831\u8eab\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u7acb\u8a93\u53d7\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u53eb\u4f5c\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8a93\u53e5\u8eab\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u51e1\u592b\u8eab\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u9762\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u589e\u9577\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u80fd\u72af\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u773c\u524d\u6211\u5011\u5e78\u597d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u5bc6\u6212\uff0c\u4e00\u53d7\u99ac\u4e0a\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u58ae\u843d\uff1f\u90a3\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u63a5\u500b\u9ad8\u58d3\u96fb\u7dda\u63a5\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a5\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u63a5\u9032\u4f86\u4f60\u5f04\u932f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u89f8\u96fb\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u71d2\u6389\u3001\u4eba\u5f04\u6b7b\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u561b\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u8981\u561b\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6bc0\u8b17\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u8aaa\u6211\u662f\u5bc6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5dee\u5f97\u5341\u842c\u516b\u5343\u91cc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5440\uff01\u7d50\u7d50\u7de3\uff0c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u679c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\u8981\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u6b21\u300d\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u300c\u65bc\u7e8c\u90e8\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u6559\u90e8\u3002\u5bc6\u6559\u5206\u56db\u90e8\uff1a\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u8ddf\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\u3002\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u90e8\u3001\u884c\u90e8\u3001\u745c\u4f3d\u90e8\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u53eb\u300c\u6709\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\u300d\uff0c\u5148\u91cd\u5728\u4e8b\u76f8\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u300c\u7121\u76f8\u300d\u3002\u4e8b\u76f8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u8ae6\uff0c\u7121\u76f8\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u8ae6\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\uff0c\u4fd7\u8ae6\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5831\u3001\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u6240\u4ee5\u7a76\u7adf\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8ddf\u7a7a\u6027\u76f8\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u500b (p96) \u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5713\u6eff\u5831\u571f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2\u958b\u90a3\u500b\u6cd5\u6027\u571f\u7684\uff0c\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5831\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2\u958b\u90a3\u500b\u6cd5\u6027\u8eab\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6b21\u7b2c\u662f\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7e54\u5e03\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7d93\u7dda\u8ddf\u7def\u7dda\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u8aaa\u7d93\u7dda\u8ddf\u7def\u7dda\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u54ea\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u6211\u5148\u628a\u7d93\u7dda\u7a7f\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7def\u7dda\u7a7f\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u7b11\u8a71\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u7d93\u7dda\u8ddf\u7def\u7dda\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7e54\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u5148\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u7d93\u7dda\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7def\u7dda\u4e00\u6839\u4e00\u6839\u7e54\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\u5462\uff1f\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u53eb\u6709\u76f8\u8ddf\u745c\u4f3d\uff08\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u7591\u5e2b\u53e3\u8aa4\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u76f8\u8ddf\u7121\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u53eb\u751f\u8d77\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u5713\u6eff\u6b21\u7b2c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\u904e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u5730\u4fee\u5b78\u3002\u4fee\u5b78\u5805\u56fa\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u9032\u5165\u300c\u7121\u76f8\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\u7684\u9032\u5165\u300c\u5713\u6eff\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\uff0c\u8aaa\u5bc6\u6559\u7684\u5373\u8eab\u6210\u4f5b\u6307\u9019\u500b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u4e00\u500b\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u7684\u6216\u8005\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ffb\u5230\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b72 \u9801\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u5df2\u7d93\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0a\u9762\u8b1b\u90a3\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u5f9e\u57fa\u790e\u4e0b\u58eb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5171\u4e2d\u58eb\u3001\u4e0a\u58eb\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u5bc6\u4e58\uff0c\u5bc6\u4e58\u7684\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u4e0a\u90e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u9053\u4e4b\u6b63\u9ad4\uff0c\u6545\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u4ea6\u5982\u662f\u5c0e\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

(p97) \u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u2014\u51e1\u662f\u8ac7\u5230\u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u61c9\u8a72\u9ad4\u6703\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u672c\u5e2b\u91cb\u8fe6\u4e16\u5c0a\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u5f4c\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u3001\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u4e8c\u5927\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u904e\u9f8d\u6a39\u3001\u7121\u8457\u4e8c\u4f4d\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5e2b\u627f\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6027\u76f8\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u986f\u5bc6\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u9019\u689d\u662f\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9019\u500b\u4e00\u689d\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9762\u3001\u7d93\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u5730\u5f9e\u5370\u5ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4e00\u8def\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u897f\u5929\u6771\u571f\u6b77\u4ee3\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e2b\u627f\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9053\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u9053\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u5462\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u8457\u9019\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5c31\u8cea\u3001\u91cf\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u5713\u6eff\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u8cea\u3001\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u6700\u5713\u6eff\u3001\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5927\u89ba[\u53e3\u7aa9]\u5e2b\uff0c\u65bc\u9918\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ea6\u5617\u5ba3\u8aaa\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c0a\u8005\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u5178\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u8aaa\u660e\u904e\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5462\uff0c\u300c\u9918\u8ad6\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6216\u8457\u9806\u4fbf\u5e36\u53ca\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7d04\u7565\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u8457\u6574\u500b\u5927\u7db1\u800c\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300a\u651d\u4fee\u5927\u4e58\u9053\u65b9\u4fbf\u8ad6\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u6b32\u5f97\u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\uff0c\u52dd\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\uff0c\u8cf4\u4fee\u83e9\u63d0\u6545\uff0c\u6a02\u4fee\u70ba\u5fc3\u8981\u3002\u5df2\u5f97\u6975\u96e3\u5f97\uff0c\u5713\u6eff\u6687\u6eff\u8eab\uff0c\u5f8c\u6975\u96e3\u7372\u6545\uff0c\u52e4\u4fee\u4ee4\u4e0d\u7a7a\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

(p98) \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u5e2b\u627f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5927\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c0a\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u8aaa\u3002\u90a3\u4e0b\u9762\u5462\uff1f\u5f15\u8b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u5178\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u7121\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u5927\u83e9\u63d0\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u672c\u5728\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u9760\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u9760\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u6975\u96e3\u5f97\u7684\u6687\u6eff\u4eba\u8eab\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6687\u6eff\u4eba\u8eab\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u5927\u800c\u53c8\u9019\u9ebc\u96e3\u5f97\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8981\u8d95\u5feb\u52aa\u529b\u554a\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8981\u8b93\u5b83\u767d\u767d\u6d6a\u8cbb\u5440\uff0c\u767d\u767d\u6d6a\u8cbb\u554a\uff0c\u90a3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u4e00\u518d\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fee\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u8aaa\u52f8\u53d6\u5fc3\u8981\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u9760\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6687\u6eff\u4eba\u8eab\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6687\u6eff\u4eba\u8eab\u5982\u679c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u662f\u5f88\u96e3\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u90a3\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u5730\u7b56\u52f5\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7b56\u52f5\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u8d70\u5f97\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u60c5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u518d\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5ea7\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u597d\u662f\u597d\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u554a\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff01\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8a8d\u8b58\u9019\u500b\u6687\u6eff\u4eba\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u540c\u4fee\u5011\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u5fc3\u60c5\u6bd4\u8f03\u731b\u5229\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6bdb\u75c5\u90fd\u6703\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u982d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u9019\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\u5c31\u6c92\u5f04\u5c0d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u807d\u898b\u4e86\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u2014\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u5927 (p99) \u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u6cd5\uff0c\u6cd5\u662f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u9580\u800c\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ac7\u5566\uff01\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u8ac7\u4eba\u9020\u885b\u661f\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u7f8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u4e0a\u53bb\u554a\uff1f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5b83\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\u6211\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u7fa8\u6155\u3001\u7fa8\u6155\u7b97\u4e86\uff01\u9019\u7a2e\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8ac7\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u63e1\u5f97\u4f4f\u773c\u524d\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u7f3a\u5c11\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u53c8\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u72af\u5f9e\u7262\u7344\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u80fd\u9003\u6642\uff0c\u8207\u9918\u4e8b\u975e\u7b49\uff0c\u901f\u5f9e\u5f7c\u8655\u9003\u3002\u6b64\u5927\u751f\u6b7b\u6d77\uff0c\u82e5\u6709 (p100) \u80fd\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u8207\u9918\u4e8b\u975e\u7b49\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u51fa\u6709\u5b85\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

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(p92) \u5f8c\u8aaa\u6212\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8aaa\u5357\u50b3\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\uff1f\u597d\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d55\u4e0d\u5ffd\u8996\u5b83\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5317\u50b3\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u6211\u5011\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u2026\u2026\u6ce8\u610f\u54e6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff01 p. 71 (11) \u3010\u723e\u6642\u6240\u5f97\u4e00\u5207\u4e09\u6627\u8036\u53ca\u5f8b\u5100\uff0c\u61c9\u5bd7\u6368\u547d\u5982\u7406\u8b77\u6301\u3002\u3011 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(p94) \u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u58de\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5730\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e00\u58de\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6212\u554a\uff0c\u99ac\u99ac\u864e\u864e\u554a\uff01\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6212\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u3002 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p. 72 \u3010\u25ce \u6b21\u65bc\u7e8c\u90e8\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0b\u90e8\u6709\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u751f\u6b21\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u96a8\u5176\u4e00\u7a2e\u5584\u5c0e\u4fee\u5b78\u3002\u6b64\u5805\u56fa\u5df2\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e0b\u90e8\u7121\u76f8\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u6eff\u6b21\u745c\u4f3d\uff0c\u96a8\u65bc\u5176\u4e00\u61c9\u5584\u4fee\u5b78\u3002\u3011 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