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\u3010\u82e5\u5982\u662f\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7576\u5982\u5fd7\u529b\u5e0c\u6709\u5e38\u557c\u4f5b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ca\u6c42\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u77e5\u53ad\u8db3\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u591a\u4e45\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7f6a\u969c\u6e05\u9664\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u96c6\u805a\u4e86\u561b\uff01\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u500b\u56e0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u611f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u561b\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u60f3\uff0c\u5594\u5537\uff01\u6210\u4f5b\u9059\u9060\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u9059\u9060\uff01\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u56e0\u5730\u505a\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u557c\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u4e86\u3002\u5e38\u557c\u4f5b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u5e38\u557c\uff1f\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u6c42\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u75db\u54ed\u6d41\u6d95\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u90a3\u5fc3\u90fd\u6316\u51fa\u4f86\u7d66\u4eba\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u6c42\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u8271\u96e3\u6cd5\uff01\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3001\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

(p201) \u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u66c9\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5594\uff01\u539f\u4f86\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u611f\u5230\u6176\u5e78\u554a\uff01\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u8d70\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u5c07\u4f86\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8a71\u2014\u2014\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d70\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u8d70\u554a\uff01\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u7701\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u6703\u60f3\uff1a\u90a3\u500b\u4fee\u8d77\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u500b\u96e3\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u8d70\u662f\u96e3\uff0c\u662f\u8d70\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff1f\u6b38\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u7c21\u55ae\u54ea\uff01\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u696d\u969c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5f88\u591a\u72c0\u614b\u3001\u969c\u7919\u6c92\u9664\u3002\u91cd\u91cd\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f60\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u561b\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6c92\u7a4d\u805a\u3001\u8def\u9014\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\uff1f\u6e05\u9664\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u60f3\u7684\uff1f\u4eba\u4eba\u60f3\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u8ab0\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u6771\u897f\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u8aaa\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5730\u53bb\u5403\uff0c\u4f60\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u8036\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u6771\u897f\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u53bb\u5403\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u500b\u52c1\u5152\u53eb\u4f60\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5750\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u7ad9\u8d77\u4f86\u53bb\u8d70\u662f\u9060\u6bd4\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4f86\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5167\u5fc3\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u4f60\u6709\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u751f\u8d77\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u4f60\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u505a\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8166\u7b4b\u88e1\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u67d3\u6c61\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u8ca1\uff0c\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8ca1\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u505a (p202) \u662f\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u505a\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u5207\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u5750\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u4e4b\u9593\u5927\u5730\u9707\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u812b\u9580\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u771f\u96e3\u56c9\uff01\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u672c\u4e8b\u5594\uff01\u4f60\u8981\u5ff5\u4f5b\u5ff5\u5230\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e0d\u4e82\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u5750\u5f97\u4f4f\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71\u4e00\u5b9a\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\u6bd4\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9060\u4f86\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4f60\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4fee\u884c\u771f\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u96e3\u95dc\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u95dc\u4e00\u95dc\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6307\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u8aaa\u73fe\u5728\u66c9\u5f97\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u8981\u4fee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u3001\u5f8c\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u4fee\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u4fee\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u8b1b\u4fee\u884c\u3001\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u600e\u9ebc\u4fee\u884c\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u624d\u66c9\u5f97\uff1a\u5594\uff01\u4fee\u884c\u539f\u4f86\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u518d\u8ac7\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u665a\u54ea\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7565\u8aaa\u4fee\u7fd2\u8ecc\u7406\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u7db1\u8981\u9019\u88e1\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\uff1f\u9053\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8aaa\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u9053\u7406\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\uff0c<\/p>\n

(p203) \u3010\u2460 \u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u2461 \u7834\u9664\u6b64\u4e2d\u90aa\u5984\u5206\u5225\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5462\uff0c\u5148\u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e0d\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u4f60\u5f04\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u71d2\u98ef\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u71d2\u83dc\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u6ce5\u5df4\u3001\u6bd2\u85e5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u62ff\u6389\u53bb\u71d2\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff01\u9019\u500b\u5403\u4e0b\u53bb\u628a\u4f60\u5403\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6897\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f04\u4e86\u500b\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u4e0d\u5f97\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u771f\u7684\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u9032\u6b65\u662f\u5927\u5e78\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f60\u9032\u6b65\u4e86\u2014\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u7684\u561b\uff01\u5c31\u50cf\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u83dc\uff0c\u8fb2\u85e5\u6c92\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u6ce5\u5df4\u6c92\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u71d2\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u71d2\u597d\u4e86\u5403\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5927\u75c5\u4e00\u5834\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7834\u9664\u90aa\u57f7\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u689d\u689d\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u6cd5\u5206\u6210\u529f\u5169\u6a23\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2460 \u6b63\u4fee\u6642\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u78ba\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2461 \u672a\u4fee\u4e2d\u9593\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u4fee\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u3001\u79ae\u4f5b\u3001\u5ff5\u4f5b\u3001\u6253\u5750\u3002 (p204) \u90a3\u9ebc\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u4e0b\u4f86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u6253\u5750\u5b8c\u4e86\u53c8\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u4f86\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u6642\u9593\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u597d\u6cd5\u554a\uff01\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\u56fa\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u4e0b\u4f86\u9084\u662f\uff1b\u5403\u98ef\u7684\u6642\u5019\u56fa\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u7761\u89ba\u4e5f\u662f\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u771f\u53ef\u6190\u554a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5403\u98ef\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3001\u7761\u89ba\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5750\u6253\u5984\u60f3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0a\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u5509\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53ef\u6190\u54ea\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u4fee\u884c\u662f\u5148\u8b1b\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2460 \u52a0\u884c\u3001\u2461 \u6b63\u884c\u3001\u2462 \u5b8c\u7d50\u3002\u4eca\u521d\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u505a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u524d\u9762\u8981\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u505a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u4f86\u56de\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff01\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u7956\u5e2b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u5927\u7d93\u5927\u8ad6\uff0c\u5929\u53f0\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u6b62\u89c0\u300b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u60f3\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u5427\uff01\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u8036\uff01\u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1b\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1b\u5750\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8aaa\u5165\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u51fa\uff0c\u4e09\u500b\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u561b\uff01\u300c\u5165\u300d\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u52a0\u884c\uff0c\u300c\u4f4f\u300d\u662f\u6b63\u884c\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u300d\uff0c\u51fa\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7d50\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

(p205) \u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7121\u57a2\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u4e86\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u5982\u5982\u4e0d\u52d5\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u54ea\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff01\u4f5b\u9640\u2014\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u5341\u5730\u83e9\u85a9\u4e86\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u751f\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u5730\u83e9\u85a9\u554a\uff0c\u7b49\u89ba\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u8981\u4fee\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u82e6\u884c\u8036\uff01\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u5c31\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f04\u4e86\u7d50\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u8aa4\u89e3\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u4fee\u7684\u52a0\u884c\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u521d\u52a0\u884c\u6cd5\u6709\u516d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u91d1\u6d32\u5927\u5e2b\u50b3\u8a18\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6709\u516d\u500b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u8a18\u4f4f\u54e6\uff01\u51e1\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6559\u6388\u6709\u5713\u6eff\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e82\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u807d\u898b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u8aaa\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u7576\u5e74\u53bb\u5b78\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u8b1b\u4e00\u822c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\uff1b\u6b63\u898f\u8b1b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u4e00\u5b9a\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u9019\u500b\u5e2b\u627f\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u8ab0\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u8ab0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c0a\u8005\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5927\u5bb6\u66c9\u5f97\u5c31\u4e0d\u8ac7\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4f60\u5225\u5c0f\u770b\u4ed6\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u5b78\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3 (p206) \u4e00\u9ede\u666e\u901a\u77e5\u8b58\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u96a8\u4fbf\u8ac7\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u6478\u9032\u53bb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u8b02\u5584\u7051\u6383\u6240\u4f4f\u8655\u6240\uff0c\u838a\u56b4\u5b89\u5e03\u8eab\u8a9e\u610f\u50cf\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u6de8\u5730\u8ddf\u5949\u8056\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4f5b\u7684\u58c7\u5834\u5f04\u5f04\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u4f5b\u50cf\u5b89\u5e03\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u300c\u8eab\u8a9e\u610f\u50cf\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u8eab\u300d\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u96d5\u5851\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u756b\u7684\uff1b\u300c\u8a9e\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u7d93\u5178\uff1b\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u610f\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u610f\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u8a9e\u610f\u50cf\uff0c\u300c\u610f\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4f9b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u610f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u8981\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5462\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7531\u7121\u8ac2\u8a91\u6c42\u8af8\u4f9b\u5177\uff0c\u7aef\u6b63\u9673\u8a2d\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f9b\u990a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u838a\u56b4\u3002\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u50cf\u5c0f\u4e58\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5594\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7834\u58de\u9b3c\u795e\u6751\uff08\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u6307\u8349\u6728\u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u5531\u5ff5\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5927\u4e58\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u4f9b\u990a\u4f5b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u838a\u56b4\u4f9b\u990a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5462\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b21\u5982\u8072\u805e\u5730\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5f9e\u660f\u7761\u84cb\uff0c\u6de8\u6cbb\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u9808\u70ba\u7d93\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u5f9e\u9918\uff0c\u8caa\u6b32\u7b49 (p207) \u84cb\uff0c\u6de8\u6cbb\u5fc3\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u65bc\u5e8a\u5ea7\uff0c\u6216\u5c0f\u5ea7\u7b49\uff0c\u7d50\u8dcf\u8dba\u5750\u3002\u300d\u6545\u65bc\u5b89\u6a02\u81e5\u5177\uff0c\u7aef\u6b63\u5176\u8eab\uff0c\u7d50\u8dcf\u8dba\u5750\uff0c\u6216\u534a\u8dcf\u8dba\uff0c\u96a8\u5b9c\u5a01\u5100\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u958b\u59cb\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u59ff\u52e2\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u59ff\u52e2\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c31\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e86\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\u4f60\u660f\u6c88\u91cd\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7d93\u884c\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6253\u5750\uff0c\u9664\u300c\u8caa\u6b32\u7b49\u84cb\u300d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u61c9\u8a72\u6253\u5750\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u82e6\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u5b89\u6a02\u81e5\u5177\u300d\uff0c\u5750\u5f97\u8d8a\u8212\u670d\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u8981\u8caa\u8212\u670d\u54e6\uff01\u4ed6\u6240\u4ee5\u8212\u670d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5750\u6642\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5c0d\u6ce8\u5728\u4f60\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u5ff5\u4e0a\u982d\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u525b\u525b\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u4e0d\u8b1b\u5fc3\u88e1\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u9019\u500b\u529f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u8b1b\u600e\u9ebc\u6253\u5750\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5b78\u90a3\u500b\u4e0d\u5012\u55ae\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u5f04\u5f97\u500b\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u771f\u81ea\u5df1\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u51a4\u5bb6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u5e74\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u7ba1\u90a3\u96d9\u8dcf\u4e0d\u96d9\u8dcf\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5750\u56fa\u7136\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750\uff0c\u5169\u8173\u4f38\u958b\uff01\u7576\u6642\u6211\u807d\u4e86\uff1a\u5225\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u771f\u5750\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff1f\u6b38\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u5019\u5c08\u9580\u8ddf\u4ed6\u53bb\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u7761\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u300d\u6b38\uff0c\u5999\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u7167\u8457\u4ed6\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5c31\u600e\u9ebc\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u8655\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u898f\u5730\u4f86\u4fee\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u6253\u5750\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u600e\u9ebc\u8abf\u6cbb\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u66ab\u6642\u4e0d (p208) \u8ac7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8def\u3002\u5c31\u96a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u70ba\u5b9c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4f60\u62dc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u7761\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u5f8c\u9762\u5c31\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u7761\u89ba\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u5403\u98ef\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u529f\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u500b\u9019\u662f\u300c\u4fee\u7406\u9918\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6253\u5750\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u518d\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65e2\u5b89\u4f4f\u5df2\uff0c\u6b78\u4f9d\u767c\u5fc3\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6b78\u4f9d\u4e86\u3001\u767c\u5fc3\u4e86\uff0c\u6b78\u4f9d\u8ddf\u767c\u5fc3\u662f\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ee4\u8207\u76f8\u7e8c\u548c\u5408\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6b78\u4f9d\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u767c\u5fc3\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\u8981\u8ddf\u300c\u76f8\u7e8c\u548c\u5408\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u5230\uff01\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u76f8\u7e8c\u300d\uff1f\u8eab\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u300c\u548c\u5408\u300d\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u548c\u5408\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u8aaa\u7688\u4f9d\u4f5b\u4e0d\u58ae\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7688\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4e0d\u58ae\u9913\u9b3c\uff0c\u7688\u4f9d\u50e7\u4e0d\u58ae\u755c\u751f\uff0c\u5ff5\u904e\u4e86\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\u548c\u5408\u8207\u5426\uff1f\u8ddf\u8eab\u5fc3\u548c\u5408\u5426\uff1f\u4e0d\u548c\u5408\uff1b\u8ddf\u5634\u5df4\u548c\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u8033\u6735\u548c\u5408\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7956\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u5165\u8033\u51fa\u53e3\u4e4b\u5b78\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u300c\u53e3\u8033\u4e4b\u9593\u77ed\u77ed\u6578\u5bf8\uff0c\u66f7\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5802\u5802\u4e03\u5c3a\u4e4b\u8ec0\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u5802\u5802\u4e03\u5c3a\uff0c\u4f60\u8033\u6735\u807d\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u5634\u5df4\u88e1\u5ff5\u51fa\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5c0d\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u8eab\u5fc3\u6709\u597d\u8655\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\u88e1\u908a\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u7688\u4f9d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u8981\u548c\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u6703\u611f\u89ba\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\uff0c\u4f60\u6c92\u5225\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

(p209) \u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7688\u6295\u7684\u3001\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7121\u660e\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7661\u7661\u5446\u5446\uff0c\u7761\u89ba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u5403\u98ef\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u3002\u78b0\u898b\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5982\u610f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8d77\u8acd\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u62b1\u8457\u9019\u500b\u4e09\u5bf6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u78ba\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9592\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8ddf\u8eab\u5fc3\u548c\u5408\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u7688\u4f9d\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u767c\u5fc3\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u539f\u5247\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65bc\u524d\u865b\u7a7a\u660e\u73fe\u89c0\u60f3\uff0c\u5ee3\u5927\u884c\u6d3e\uff0c\u53ca\u6df1\u898b\u6d3e\uff0c\u50b3\u627f\u8af8\u5e2b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6559\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u60f3\uff0c\u8aaa\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e0a\u865b\u7a7a\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c0\u60f3\u8981\u89c0\u60f3\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300c\u660e\u73fe\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u986f\u73fe\u4e9b\u8ab0\u554a\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u627f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u627f\u5206\u6210\u529f\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300c\u5ee3\u5927\u884c\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300c\u6df1\u898b\u6d3e\u300d\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u6148\u60b2\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u667a\u6167\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u5f4c\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u6240\u50b3\u7684\u3001\u7121\u8457\u83e9\u85a9\u9019\u6a23\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u3001\u9f8d\u6a39\u83e9\u85a9\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u4f5b\u958b\u59cb\u50b3\u5230\u9019\u5169\u500b\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ee3\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u50b3\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u50b3\u5230\u4f60\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\uff0c<\/p>\n

p. 42<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5fa9\u6709\u7121\u91cf\u8af8\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u8072\u805e\u7368\u89ba\uff0c\u53ca\u8b77\u6cd5\u773e\u70ba\u8cc7\u7ce7\u7530\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

(p210) \u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3001\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u4e0a\u865b\u7a7a\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u7684\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8072\u805e\u3001\u7de3\u89ba\u53ca\u8b77\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u6b78\u4f9d\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5f9e\u6b78\u4f9d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u767c\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6b78\u4f9d\uff0c\u6b78\u4f9d\u8ab0\uff1f\u6b78\u4f9d\u9019\u500b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u771f\u5730\u5ff5\u4f5b\u3001\u5ff5\u4f5b\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u5357\u7121\uff1f\u5357\u7121\u5c31\u662f\u6b78\u4f9d\u561b\uff01\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6559\u6388\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u7684\u5c31\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5404\u5225\u7684\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u8aaa\u4e00\u5fc3\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff01\u4f60\u5c31\u61c2\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u5ff5\u9019\u500b\u3002\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7e3d\u5247\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u90a3\u500b\u7e3d\u5247\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u4f60\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u6b78\u4f9d\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u771f\u5be6\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01\u842c\u4e00\u4e0d\u884c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u6b38\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e86\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53c8\u81ea\u76f8\u7e8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u7121\u80fd\u751f\u9053\u4e4b\u9806\u7de3\uff0c\u7a4d\u96c6\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u53ca\u9664\u9006\u7de3\u6de8\u6cbb\u696d\u969c\u4e8c\u52a9\u7de3\u8005\uff0c\u552f\u52f5\u529b\u4fee\u6240\u7de3\u884c\u76f8\u4e4b\u6b63\u56e0\uff0c\u4ea6\u96e3\u751f\u8d77\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e0a\u982d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5584\u6839\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5584\u6839\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8981\u7f6a\u969c\u6de8\u9664\u3001\u8cc7\u7ce7\u96c6\u805a\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u7ce7\u662f\u751f\u9053\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u9806\u7de3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u751f\u8d77\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9806\u7de3\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7a4d\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u969c\u7919\u8981\u9664\u6389\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u9006\u7de3\u5c31\u662f\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff0c\u969c\u7919\u6c92\u6709\u6de8\u9664\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6c92\u6709\u7a4d\u805a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4fee\u9053\u7684\u52a9\u7de3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4f60\u62fc\u547d\u5730\u96d6\u7136\u53bb\u8dd1\u5230\u90a3 (p211) \u88e1\u8981\u60f3\u89c0\u60f3\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u5169\u500b\u52a9\u7de3\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u4fee\u9019\u500b\u884c\u76f8\u7684\u6b63\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6b63\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u89c0\uff0c\u89c0\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u561b\u7a4d\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u89c0\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u5169\u500b\u52a9\u7de3\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u5f04\u4e5f\u5f04\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u662f\u6545\u6b21\u61c9\u4fee\u7fd2\u4e03\u652f\u4ee5\u6cbb\u8eab\u5fc3\uff0c\u651d\u76e1\u96c6\u6de8\u8af8\u627c\u8981\u8655\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u8981\u5b78\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u4e03\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f86\u8abf\u6cbb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u600e\u9ebc\u8abf\u6cbb\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff1b\u9019\u500b\u4e03\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u8ddf\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\u7684\u5b97\u8981\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e03\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5341\u5927\u9858\u738b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u9019\u500b\u5341\u5927\u9858\u738b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0e\u6b78\u6975\u6a02\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u62ff\u9019\u500b\u5c0e\u6b78\u6975\u6a02\uff0c\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u4e0b\u8173\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u6191\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0b\u8173\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u8d70\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u8d70\u9019\u500b\u8d70\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u628a\u9019\u500b\u62ff\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u505a\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d70\u9019\u689d\u76f4\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f60\u62ff\u9019\u500b\u529f\u5fb7\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u6642\u5019\u2014\u2014\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u6210\u4f5b\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\u561b\uff01\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u969c\u7919\u5fb9\u5e95\u6de8\u9664\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u529f\u5fb7\u5713\u6eff\u5730\u96c6\u805a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u5169\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u4e03\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u4e5f\u597d\u3001\u9019\u500b\u5341\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u7a4d\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u561b\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b65\u9084\u662f\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u5713\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u597d\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc (p212) \u5730\u7c21\u55ae\u54ea\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u8aaa\uff0c\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5341\u5927\u9858\u738b\u597d\u50cf\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u624d\u4fee\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0b\u8173\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u4e0b\u8173\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d70\u9019\u500b\u76f4\u8def\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u61c2\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f80\u751f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0a\u54c1\uff01<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u500b\u5167\u5bb9\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u7d30\u7d30\u5730\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7d30\u7d30\u5730\u8b1b\u3002\u6211\u9019\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u4e00\u9ede\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u6210\u4e03\u652f\u5462\uff1f\u8aaa\u6210\u4e03\u652f\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u652f\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u958b\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u79ae\u656c\uff0c\u662f\u79ae\u656c\u4e00\u652f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7a31\u8b9a\u662f\u4e00\u652f\uff1b\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u79ae\u656c\u54ea\uff0c\u4f75\u5728\u4e00\u584a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f75\u6389\u4e00\u652f\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5f8c\u9762\u90a3\u500b\u56de\u5411\u554a\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u56de\u5411\uff0c\u5f9e\u300c\u5e38\u96a8\u4f5b\u5b78\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6046\u9806\u773e\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u666e\u7686\u56de\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u4e09\u652f\uff0c\u5206\u4e09\u652f\uff1b\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u9762\u4e09\u652f\u4f75\u6210\u4e00\u652f\uff0c\u53c8\u5c11\u6389\u5169\u652f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u524d\u9762\u5c11\u6389\u4e00\u652f\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u5c11\u6389\u5169\u652f\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5408\u6210\u4e03\u652f\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u4e03\u652f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5341\u5927\u9858\u738b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u9801\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u8b1b\u95dc\u65bc\u6b63\u898f\u5730\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u4fee\u884c\u3001\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u2014\u2014\u6642\u9593\uff1b\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5728\u4fee\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u5403\u98ef\u3001\u7761\u89ba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u4e0d\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u53bb\u4fee\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5118\u7ba1\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5167\u6db5\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 (p213) \u6211\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9ed1\u677f\u5beb\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u300c\u5fd8\u5931\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fee\u8af8\u5584\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u9b54\u696d\u3002\u300d\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6253\u5750\u3001\u53c3\u79aa\u3001\u62dc\u4f5b\u3001\u5ff5\u4f5b\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4fee\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u6548\u679c\u662f\u7562\u7adf\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e0d\u5927\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff1f\u4f60\u5b78\u79aa\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u958b\u609f\uff0c\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6d88\u606f\uff1b\u5b78\u6de8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f80\u751f\uff0c\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6d88\u606f\uff1b\u5b78\u6559\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fa9\u5982\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4e86\u89e3\u524d\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u90a3\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u7a76\u5be6\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5207\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5207\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5bb3\u8655\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u7fd2\u6c23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u696d\u529b\u5f88\u91cd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u61c9\u8a72\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300c\u6578\u6578\u601d\u60df\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300c\u601d\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u696d\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u696d\u6d41\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u807d\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5118\u7ba1 (p198) \u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u807d\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u696d\u6d41\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\uff01\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u807d\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u53bb\u601d\u60df\u3001\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7522\u751f\u529f\u6548\u7684\u3002 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\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4fee\u6301\u662f\u6307\u601d\u60df\u3001\u591a\u53bb\u601d\u60df\u3002\u601d\u60df\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u7684\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff1f\u4e0d\u505a\u6709\u600e\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5bb3\u8655\uff1f\u6b38\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\uff1a\u54ce\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u505a\u4e86\uff01\u90a3\u9ebc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u6cd5\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u2014\u2014\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u505a\u5f97\u5230\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u7684\u660e\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u504f\u504f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u5982\u6cd5\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u8aaa\uff0c\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5984\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u5206\u5225\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u561b\uff01\u597d\u50cf\u9019\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u771f\u7684\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff01\u4e00\u767e\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u767e\u500b\u4eba\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u8aaa\u5be6\u5728\u8a71\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\uff1f\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6301\u500b\u5927\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u50cf\u770b\u90a3\u500b\u592a\u7a7a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u706b\u7bad\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u8aaa\u4eba\u9020\u706b\u7bad\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff01\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u53bb\u5341\u842c\u516b\u5343\u91cc\uff0c\u4e86\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u8d70\u4e0a\u53bb\u5566\uff01 (p199) \u3010\u65bc\u6614\u591a\u751f\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5982\u6cd5\u4f9d\u6b62\u8af8\u7f6a\uff0c\u61c9\u7531\u81f3\u5fc3\u800c\u6094\uff0c\u591a\u767c\u9632\u8b77\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u81ea\u61c9\u52f5\u5099\u6cd5\u5668\u8af8\u6cd5\uff0c\u6578\u601d\u5713\u6eff\u5fb7\u76f8\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7a4d\u96c6\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u5ee3\u767c\u5927\u9858\uff0c\u70ba\u5982\u662f\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u672a\u8b49\u83e9\u63d0\u4ee5\u4f86\u651d\u53d7\u4e4b\u56e0\u3002\u3011 \u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u6cd5\u4f9d\u6b62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f6a\u904e\u73fe\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u61fa\u6094\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u505a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9632\u8b77\u4ee5\u5f8c\u3002\u7f6a\u969c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u5668\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u53d7\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u53d7\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5982\u7406\u4fee\u5b78\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u300c\u6578\u6578\u601d\u60df\u5713\u6eff\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5fb7\u76f8\u300d\u2014\u2014\u554a\uff01\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u504f\u504f\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u696d\u611f\u7de3\u8d77\u3001\u969c\u7919\u91cd\u91cd\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u80af\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u7f6a\u969c\u9664\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u7a4d\u805a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u56e0\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u4e00\u5b9a\u611f\u9019\u500b\u679c\u3002 \u90a3\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u61fa\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u7a4d\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8aaa\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u6c42\u9019\u500b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u7a4d\u96c6\u8cc7\u7ce7\u3001\u5ee3\u767c\u5927\u9858\u300d\uff0c\u554a\uff01\u8aaa\u6211\u8981\u6210\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\uff1b\u8981\u60f3\u6210\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u8d70\u9019\u500b\u8def\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u767c\u7684\u9858\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a2e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5c07\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u500b\u679c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u5f97\u7121\u4e0a\u5927\u83e9\u63d0\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u76f4\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u52aa (p200) \u529b\u6709\u9019\u500b\u56e0\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u9019\u500b\u679c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u5fd9\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5fd9\u9019\u500b\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u7a2e\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u6587\u6b8a\u5e2b\u5229\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u8dd1\u5230\u798f\u57ce\u7684\u6771\u908a\u8dd1\u5f97\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u67d0\u4eba\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u8981\u6c42\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u554a\uff01\u300d\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u54e1\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u7b49\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u7b49\u4e86\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u52ab\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u6c23\u5019\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6551\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u52ab\u90fd\u7b49\u5728\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u4e0d\u96e3\u54ea\uff01\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002 \u3010\u82e5\u5982\u662f\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7576\u5982\u5fd7\u529b\u5e0c\u6709\u5e38\u557c\u4f5b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ca\u6c42\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u77e5\u53ad\u8db3\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u3002\u3011 \u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u591a\u4e45\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7f6a\u969c\u6e05\u9664\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u96c6\u805a\u4e86\u561b\uff01\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u500b\u56e0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u611f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u561b\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u60f3\uff0c\u5594\u5537\uff01\u6210\u4f5b\u9059\u9060\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u9059\u9060\uff01\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u56e0\u5730\u505a\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u557c\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u4e86\u3002\u5e38\u557c\u4f5b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d93\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u5e38\u557c\uff1f\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u6c42\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u75db\u54ed\u6d41\u6d95\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u90a3\u5fc3\u90fd\u6316\u51fa\u4f86\u7d66\u4eba\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u6c42\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u8271\u96e3\u6cd5\uff01\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3001\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u3002 (p201) \u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u66c9\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5594\uff01\u539f\u4f86\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u611f\u5230\u6176\u5e78\u554a\uff01\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u8d70\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u5c07\u4f86\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8a71\u2014\u2014\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d70\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u8d70\u554a\uff01\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u7701\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u6703\u60f3\uff1a\u90a3\u500b\u4fee\u8d77\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u500b\u96e3\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u8d70\u662f\u96e3\uff0c\u662f\u8d70\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff1f\u6b38\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u771f\u7c21\u55ae\u54ea\uff01\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u696d\u969c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5f88\u591a\u72c0\u614b\u3001\u969c\u7919\u6c92\u9664\u3002\u91cd\u91cd\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f60\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u561b\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6c92\u7a4d\u805a\u3001\u8def\u9014\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\uff1f\u6e05\u9664\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\uff01 \u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u60f3\u7684\uff1f\u4eba\u4eba\u60f3\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u8ab0\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u6771\u897f\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u8aaa\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5730\u53bb\u5403\uff0c\u4f60\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u8036\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u6771\u897f\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u53bb\u5403\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u500b\u52c1\u5152\u53eb\u4f60\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5750\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u7ad9\u8d77\u4f86\u53bb\u8d70\u662f\u9060\u6bd4\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4f86\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5167\u5fc3\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u4f60\u6709\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u751f\u8d77\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u4f60\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u505a\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8166\u7b4b\u88e1\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u67d3\u6c61\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u8ca1\uff0c\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8ca1\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u505a (p202) \u662f\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u505a\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u5207\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u5750\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u4e4b\u9593\u5927\u5730\u9707\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u812b\u9580\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u771f\u96e3\u56c9\uff01\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u672c\u4e8b\u5594\uff01\u4f60\u8981\u5ff5\u4f5b\u5ff5\u5230\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e0d\u4e82\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u5750\u5f97\u4f4f\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71\u4e00\u5b9a\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\u6bd4\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9060\u4f86\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4f60\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4fee\u884c\u771f\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u96e3\u95dc\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u95dc\u4e00\u95dc\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6307\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u4f86\u3002 \u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u8aaa\u73fe\u5728\u66c9\u5f97\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u8981\u4fee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u3001\u5f8c\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u4fee\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u4fee\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u8b1b\u4fee\u884c\u3001\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u600e\u9ebc\u4fee\u884c\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u624d\u66c9\u5f97\uff1a\u5594\uff01\u4fee\u884c\u539f\u4f86\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u518d\u8ac7\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u665a\u54ea\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u770b\uff1a \u3010\u7565\u8aaa\u4fee\u7fd2\u8ecc\u7406\uff0c\u3011 \u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u7db1\u8981\u9019\u88e1\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\uff1f\u9053\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8aaa\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u9053\u7406\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\uff0c (p203) \u3010\u2460 \u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u2461 \u7834\u9664\u6b64\u4e2d\u90aa\u5984\u5206\u5225\u3002\u3011 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5462\uff0c\u5148\u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e0d\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u4f60\u5f04\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u71d2\u98ef\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u71d2\u83dc\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u6ce5\u5df4\u3001\u6bd2\u85e5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u62ff\u6389\u53bb\u71d2\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff01\u9019\u500b\u5403\u4e0b\u53bb\u628a\u4f60\u5403\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6897\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f04\u4e86\u500b\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u4e0d\u5f97\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u771f\u7684\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u9032\u6b65\u662f\u5927\u5e78\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f60\u9032\u6b65\u4e86\u2014\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u7684\u561b\uff01\u5c31\u50cf\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u83dc\uff0c\u8fb2\u85e5\u6c92\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u6ce5\u5df4\u6c92\u62ff\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u71d2\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u9084\u597d\uff0c\u71d2\u597d\u4e86\u5403\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5927\u75c5\u4e00\u5834\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u500b\u7834\u9664\u90aa\u57f7\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u689d\u689d\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6b63\u660e\u4fee\u6cd5\u5206\u6210\u529f\u5169\u6a23\uff1a \u3010\u2460 \u6b63\u4fee\u6642\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u3011 \u6b63\u78ba\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f \u3010\u2461 \u672a\u4fee\u4e2d\u9593\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u3011 \u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u4fee\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u3001\u79ae\u4f5b\u3001\u5ff5\u4f5b\u3001\u6253\u5750\u3002 (p204) \u90a3\u9ebc\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u4e0b\u4f86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u6253\u5750\u5b8c\u4e86\u53c8\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u4f86\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u6642\u9593\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u597d\u6cd5\u554a\uff01\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\u56fa\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u4e0b\u4f86\u9084\u662f\uff1b\u5403\u98ef\u7684\u6642\u5019\u56fa\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u7761\u89ba\u4e5f\u662f\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u771f\u53ef\u6190\u554a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5403\u98ef\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3001\u7761\u89ba\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6253\u5750\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6253\u5750\u6253\u5984\u60f3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0a\u65e9\u665a\u6bbf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u5509\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53ef\u6190\u54ea\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u4fee\u884c\u662f\u5148\u8b1b\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c \u3010\u2460 \u52a0\u884c\u3001\u2461 \u6b63\u884c\u3001\u2462 \u5b8c\u7d50\u3002\u4eca\u521d\uff0c\u3011 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