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p. 40 (3)<\/p>\n

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(p183) \u4f60\u8aaa\u771f\u6b63\u4fee\u884c\u4eba\u662f\u975e\u90fd\u4e0d\u8ac7\u55ce\uff1f\u8ac7\uff01\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u60e1\u5f9e\u5584\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fa8\u5225\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u662f\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u4e16\u9593\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u8ac7\u8ad6\u662f\u975e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5dee\u5225\u5f04\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4fee\u884c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u7cca\u5857\u86cb\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5927\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u76f8\u5224\u5225\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u2014\u662f\u554a\u3001\u975e\u554a\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5224\u5225\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u66c9\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u53bb\u67d3\u8f49\u6de8\u3002\u5594\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u58de\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u6de8\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53d7\u67d3\uff0c\u6de8\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u5e6b\u52a9\u5225\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4f60\u9084\u66c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u75c5\u6839\u4f55\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c0d\u65b9\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u8ddf\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7169\u60f1\u7576\u4e2d\u9019\u500b\u884c\u76f8\u7d55\u5927\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f60\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u4ed6\u7684\u662f\u975e\u770b\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u7e8f\u5728\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u67d3\u6c61\u4e0d\u67d3\u6c61\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u4e00\u5718\u9ed1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6b63\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u5984\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u53bb\u6389\u7684\u3002\u800c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u53bb\u6389\u5984\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u6b63\u5206\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u524d\u982d\u6211\u5011\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6b63\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u805e\u3001\u601d\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u8b49\u5230\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5982\u5982\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u4fee\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4fee\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5982\u5982\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u5594\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53c8\u932f\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u672c\u3001\u5f8c\u5f97\u7b49\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5730\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u73fe\u5728\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u5984\u5206\u5225\u3002\u300d\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\u6389\u5728\u5927\u7121\u660e\u3001\u5927\u7cca\u5857\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u975e\u4e0d\u8fa8\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u4f5c\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u9019\u6a23\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\uff01\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u7761\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60 (p184) \u5728\u9019\u5152\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u5225\u7576\u4e2d\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4f5b\u7d93\u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u50cf\u87ba\u8784\u3001\u868c\u86e4\u90a3\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e86\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u5206\u5225\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u975e\u5584\u60e1\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5f04\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4f60\u8981\u5206\u5225\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4fe1\u7684\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u597d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u4e0b\u9762\u6173\u8caa\u3001\u5984\u8a9e\u3001\u96e2\u9593\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u7c97\u731b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5984\u8a9e\u3001\u96e2\u9593\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u667a\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89aa\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u60e1\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u4eba\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u8ddf\u4f60\u5435\u67b6\uff0c\u8ddf\u4f60\u7f75\u3001\u8ddf\u4f60\u5435\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82e5\u81ea\u4e0d\u4f5c\u60e1\uff0c\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5c\u60e1\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u7591\u70ba\u4f5c\u60e1\uff0c\u60e1\u540d\u4ea6\u589e\u9577\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u89aa\u8fd1\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u5509\uff01\u4eba\u5bb6\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u4f60\u2026\u2026\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6cbe\u4e0a\u3002\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff01\u8b6c\u5982\u73fe\u5728\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u96a8\u4fbf\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u8dd1\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u73fe\u5728\u5e74\u7d00\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u8dd1\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u5e38\u5e38\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u67d0\u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\u554a\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u5c31\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b62\u67d0\u6cd5\u5e2b\u3002\u54e6\uff01\u4ed6\u4e00\u807d\uff1a\u300c\u597d\u3001\u597d\u3001\u597d\uff0c\u6b61\u8fce\u3001\u6b61\u8fce\uff01\u300d\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u6cbe\u4e86\u5149\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u807d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5594\u5537\uff0c\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u8aaa\u597d\u3001 (p185) \u597d\u3001\u597d\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u597d\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5c31\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u600e\u9ebc\u64cb\u4f4f\u4f60\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\u5427\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u5f9e\u5916\u9762\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u88e1\u908a\uff0c\u90a3\u60e1\u540d\u4e5f\u589e\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4eba\u8fd1\u975e\u61c9\u89aa\uff0c\u7531\u5f7c\u904e\u6210\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u6bd2\u7bad\u7f6e\u56ca\uff0c\u4ea6\u67d3\u7121\u6bd2\u8005\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ed6\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u540d\u8b7d\u58de\u2014\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u72c0\u614b\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u9019\u500b\uff01\u4f60\u4e00\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u904e\u932f\u4f60\u90fd\u6cbe\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u500b\u6bd2\u7bad\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u888b\u88e1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6bd2\u7bad\u6cbe\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\uff0c\u78b0\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff01\u78b0\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff01\u96d6\u7136\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6bd2\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u9760\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u82e5\u8fd1\u8ab0\u80fd\u4ee4\u6027\u7f6a\u906e\u7f6a\u60e1\u884c\uff0c\u8af8\u5148\u6709\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u640d\u6e1b\uff0c\u8af8\u5148\u975e\u6709\u4ee4\u65b0\u589e\u9577\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u4e00\u9760\u8fd1\u4ed6\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u7f6a\u904e\uff0c\u6027\u7f6a\u3001\u906e\u7f6a\u7a2e\u7a2e\u60e1\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u7684\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e1b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u6e1b\u6389\u5b83\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u9760\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e1b\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e1b\uff0c\u4f60\u539f\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u589e\u9577\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u61c9\u8a72\u53bb\u6389\u5b83\uff0c\u8ddf\u4ed6\u76f8\u53cd\u5427\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4fee\u884c\u8981\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8981\u9060\u96e2\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6566\u5df4\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u4e0b\u8005\u96d6\u8207\u4e0a\u4f34\u5171\u4f4f\uff0c\u50c5\u6210\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0a\u8005\u82e5\u8207\u4e0b\u8005\u5171\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f85\u52ac\u52de\uff0c (p186) \u800c\u6210\u4e0b\u8da3\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4e0b\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8ddf\u90a3\u500b\u4e0a\u7b49\u4eba\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u584a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u52c9\u52c9\u5f37\u5f37\u8ddf\u6210\u500b\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0a\u722c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u554a\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u7b49\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u8ddf\u4e00\u500b\u4e0b\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u5f85\u52ac\u52de\u300d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u82b1\u6c23\u529b\u7684\u2014\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5982\u9006\u6c34\u884c\u821f\uff0c\u62fc\u547d\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f5b\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u91cd\u8996\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5e38\u5e38\u8aaa\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u9077\u5c31\u60c5\u9762\uff0c\u60c5\u9762\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u6700\u5927\u7684\u67d3\u6c61\u3002\u5728\u4f5b\u9580\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u58de\u86cb\u5012\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7121\u660e\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u5bb3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60c5\u9762\u6240\u7d2f\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\u8457\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u96d6\u7136\u672b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u597d\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u554a\uff01\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u8af8\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u9019\u9ebc\u597d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u80fd\u5920\u51fa\u4e86\u5bb6\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u628a\u5bbf\u751f\u7684\u5584\u6839\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u8a18\u4f4f\uff01\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u2014\u8981\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff01\u5426\u5247\u628a\u5bbf\u751f\u7684\u96e3\u5f97\u3001\u96e3\u5f97\u7a4d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5584\u6839\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u7576\u4e2d\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u9001\u4e0b\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u592a\u5212\u4e0d\u4f86\uff0c\u592a\u5212\u4e0d\u4f86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u524d\u9762\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5df2\u7d93\u90fd\u4e00\u4e00\u6307\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u76f8\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u767d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 (p187) \u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8d77\u898b\uff0c\u8acb\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u79d1\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u79d1\u5224\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f35\u7684\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u4ee5\u6559\u6388\u5f15\u5c0e\u5b78\u5f92\u4e4b\u6b21\u7b2c\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u90fd\u5177\u8db3\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6b63\u5f0f\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u9019\u6642\u5019\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u9762\u5206\u6210\u529f\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u300c\u9053\u7684\u6839\u672c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u53c8\u5206\u6210\u529f\u516d\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u6240\u4f9d\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u76f8\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u80fd\u4f9d\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u76f8\u3002\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\uff1f\u90a3\u9ebc\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u8db3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\u554a\uff0c\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u81ea\u5df1\u6aa2\u9ede\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u5730\u4f9d\u6b62\uff1f\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u4f9d\u6b62\u4ed6\u3002\u5f8c\u9762\u53c8\u7279\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\u4f9d\u6b62\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u4f9d\u6b62\u7684\u5927\u7684\u798d\u5bb3\u3002\u4f60\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6b21\u7b2c\u90fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u3001\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u90fd\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u534a\uff01\u300c\u884c\u767e\u91cc\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5d\u5341\u91cc\u300d\uff0c\u904e\u534a\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e5d\u5341\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07\u4f86\u4f60\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u597d\u597d\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u8d70\u4e0a\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4f9d\u6b62\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u9019\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u96e3\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u6211\u5148\u8aaa\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u59a8\u6162\u6162\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u751f\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5927\u5bb6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u503c\u5f97\u8ac7\u606d\u559c\u3001\u606d\u559c\uff01\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c<\/p>\n

(p188) \u3010\u25ce \u7b2c\u516d\u651d\u5f7c\u7b49\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u56de\u904e\u982d\u4f86\u770b\u90a3\u500b\u6587\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u651d\u5f7c\u7b49\u7fa9\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5440\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u5462\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u8aaa\u4e86\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6240\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ea4\u4ee3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u628a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u5927\u7db1\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4ea4\u4ee3\u5f97\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e16\u904d\u8b9a\u8aaa\u5c0a\u9577\u745c\u4f3d\u6559\u6388\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u77e5\u5373\u662f\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8aaa\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u822c\u666e\u904d\u5730\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5730\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\u8b9a\u6b4e\uff0c\u4f86\u7a31\u63da\u3001\u4f86\u91cd\u8996\u9019\u500b\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u5c0a\u9577\u745c\u4f3d\u6559\u6388\u300d\uff0c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7db1\u8981\u3001\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u8aaa\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c0a\u9577\u745c\u4f3d\u3002\u8aaa\u4f9d\u6b62\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u4f9d\u6b62\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u76f8\u61c9\uff1f\u300c\u745c\u4f3d\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u662f\u300c\u505a\u5c0d\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u61c2\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u9053\u7406\u61c2\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\uff1f\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u5c0d\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u76f8\u61c9\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u53ee\u56d1\u5e7e\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u9053\u7406\u96d6\u7136\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u96d6\u7136\u53bb\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u6bb7\u91cd\u5730\u53bb\u4fee\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u99ac\u99ac\u864e\u864e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

(p189) \u3010\u82e5\u4e00\u4e8c\u6b21\uff0c\u4fee\u6240\u7de3\u5883\uff0c\u5168\u7121\u6240\u81f3\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u96d6\u7136\u4fee\u4e86\uff0c\u4fee\u4e86\u4e00\u8d9f\u3001\u5169\u8d9f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff01\u300c\u6240\u7de3\u5883\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4fee\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6240\u7de3\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u5ff5\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u5c31\u5ff5\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7de3\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u8caa\u3001\u778b\u3001\u7661\u76f8\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7de3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u7121\u660e\u561b\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u5927\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u7661\u76f8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u6e05\u695a\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u7576\u773c\u524d\u597d\u5403\u6771\u897f\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u77aa\u5f97\u5927\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5fc3\u773c\u554a\u6bd4\u9019\u500b\u773c\u775b\u77aa\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u7de3\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u51a4\u5bb6\u5c0d\u982d\u5728\u773c\u524d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4f60\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u4e0a\u9084\u5e36\u8457\u4e09\u5206\u7684\u7b11\uff0c\u4f60\u9019\u500b\u773c\u775b\u4e5f\u77aa\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u5730\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u5c31\u7de3\u8457\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7de3\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7de3\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6cd5\u300d\u2014\u600e\u9ebc\u4f9d\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6b21\u7b2c\u5c31\u662f\u7167\u8457\u524d\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4e00\u8d9f\u5169\u8d9f\u3002\u4e00\u8d9f\u5169\u8d9f\u90fd\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u662f\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff0c\u61c2\u4e86\u3001\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u807d\u61c2\u4e86\uff01\u300d\u66f8\u672c\u4e00\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u5011\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u64fa\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e0a\u982d\u7684\u3002\u662f\uff01\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u4fee\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u672c\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u3001\u7db1\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u6162\u6162\u5730\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u7b56\u52f5\u6211\u5011\uff1a<\/p>\n

(p190) \u3010\u82e5\u662f\u81f3\u5fc3\u6b32\u884c\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u9808\u6046\u89aa\u8fd1\uff0c\u7121\u932f\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u6700\u52dd\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u554f\u4e00\u4e0b\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\uff1f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u81f3\u5fc3\u6b32\u884c\u6cd5\u8005\u300d\u3002\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u60f3\u4fee\u884c\u8981\u8d70\u7684\u8def\uff1f\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u60f3\u5ff5\u4f5b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u770b\u770b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u81f3\u5fc3\u8981\u60f3\u505a\u9019\u500b\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u505a\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u9808\u6046\u300d\uff0c\u6046\u5b57\u6046\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b7\uff0c\u300c\u89aa\u8fd1\u300d\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u6700\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6700\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5920\u5f15\u5c0e\u4f60\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u723e\u6642\u4ea6\u5982\u4f3d\u5580\u5df4\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u4f9d\u5c0a\u91cd\u6642\uff0c\u6050\u6709\u6240\u5931\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u600e\u9ebc\u4f9d\u9760\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u7956\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6230\u5162\u60d5\u53b2\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5ea7\u540c\u5b78\u8655\u8655\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\u56fa\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8655\u8655\u4e5f\u662f\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u5728\u623f\u9593\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u807d\u898b\u90a3\u500b\u96fb\u8a71\u97ff\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u62ff\u8d77\u96fb\u8a71\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u770b\u90a3\u500b\u96fb\u8a71\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u627e\u5225\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5b78\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff0c\u627e\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\uff1f\u300d\u4ed6\u672c\u4f86\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u807d\u898b\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u2026\u2026\u3002\u554a\uff01\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u771f\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u90a3\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9304\u97f3\u5e36\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u6211\u8001\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc3\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f88\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u6211 (p191) \u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u662f\u8aaa\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8aaa\u660e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4f9d\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u76f8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u3002\u6211\u770b\u898b\u53e4\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u90a3\u7a2e\u5927\u5fb7\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5b5d\u5b50\u5fc3\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u627f\u4e8b\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u7684\u3001\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5931\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u96e2\u958b\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u96e2\u958b\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6211\u6c92\u7559\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5370\u8c61\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u2026\u2026\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u80af\u8dd1\u5230\u4f5b\u9580\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7e3d\u662f\u7121\u6bd4\u5730\u8b9a\u6b4e\u3002\u4ed6\u4f86\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u6709\u5c45\u58eb\u5011\u4f86\u7d66\u6211\u4ec0\u9ebc\u958b\u5fc3\u679c\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u6211\u653e\u5728\u6211\u623f\u88e1\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u65e9\u6668\u6211\u5c31\u62ff\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u67d0\u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u4f9b\u4f9b\u4f5b\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u62ff\u5230\u9f4b\u5802\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u62ff\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4e00\u653e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u4ed6\uff0c\u53c8\u904e\u4e86\u500b\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7e3d\u7b97\u770b\u898b\u4f9b\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f9b\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u6536\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8aaa\u4e0b\u5348\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u64fa\u5230\u660e\u5929\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u4ea4\u5230\u4ed6\u624b\u4e0a\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u7b49\u5230\u9f4b\u5802\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e09\u5929\u4ee5\u5f8c\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u770b\u554a\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u60dc\uff01\u6211\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\uff1a\u5509\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u4ed6\u5fd9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u5e6b\u4ed6\u5fd9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u62ff\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4f60\u5011\u6703\u6b61\u559c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u558f\u3001\u558f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u5b78\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5b78\u90a3\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4f9d\u6b62\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba (p192) \u78ba\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b78\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u8b02\u82e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f9d\u6b62\u8ecc\u7406\u800c\u4f9d\u6b62\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u751f\u5229\u76ca\u53cd\u81f4\u8667\u640d\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u4f9d\u6b62\u7684\u9053\u7406\u53bb\u4f9d\u6b62\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53d7\u5bb3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u7279\u5225\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u5594\uff01\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8dd1\u5f97\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\u5440\uff01\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4f5b\u5b78\u9662\u6211\u53bb\u5ff5\u66f8\u3002\u300d\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u53bb\u5ff5\u4e00\u5f35\u6587\u6191\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f86\u3002\u4e0a\u6b21\u8aaa\u7684\u6df7\u6df7\uff0c\u90a3\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5f04\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u540c\u4fee\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6975\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6211\u8ddf\u4f60\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f86\u4e86\u8a66\uff01\u8a66\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5230\u4e09\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u9019\u53c8\u4f55\u5fc5\uff01<\/p>\n

p. 41<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6545\u6b64\u4f9d\u6b62\u77e5\u8b58\u6cd5\u985e\uff0c\u8f03\u9918\u4e00\u5207\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u561b\uff01\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6162\u6162\u5730\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6025\u6025\u5fd9\u5fd9\u9020\u5230\u4e09\u6a13\uff0c\u57ae\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5927\u5e2b\u7279\u5225\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c<\/p>\n

(p193) \u3010\u898b\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u6b32\u6a02\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6545\u7279\u5f15\u8af8\u7121\u57a2\u7d93\u8ad6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6613\u89e3\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u7d93\u7fa9\uff0c\u8af8\u5584\u58eb\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u838a\u56b4\uff0c\u5c07\u7c97\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u7565\u70ba\u5efa\u8a2d\u3002\u5ee3\u5982\u9918\u8655\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u4e86\u77e5\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7a76\u7adf\u6b32\u6a02\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u4f5b\uff01\u6210\u4f5b\uff01\u9019\u500b\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u6210\u4f5b\uff0c\u9019\u6839\u672c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b62\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u5f15\u7d93\u3001\u8ad6\u3001\u7956\u5e2b\u7684\u8a9e\u9304\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u8ad6\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300c\u7121\u57a2\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7121\u57a2\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u5169\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u600e\u9ebc\u8b1b\uff1f\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u50cf\u5927\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8ddf\u5927\u4e58\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u662f\u5b78\u6027\u5b97\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6027\u5b97\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7d93\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5462\u300c\u6a5f\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5927\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f5b\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u61c9\u6a5f\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5e2b\u96e2\u958b\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6aa2\u9ede\u6aa2\u9ede\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u61c9\u4ed6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5f8c\u9084\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u300c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6613\u89e3\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u5fc3\u610f\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u53e5\u8a71\u3002\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8b1b\u4e86\u7d93\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8aaa\u6e05\u695a\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u672c\u8457\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u901a\u4fd7\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u901a\u4fd7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u89e3\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u901a\u4fd7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u523b\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u5c0d\u3002\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300c\u80fd\u52d5\u5fc3\u610f\u300d\uff0c\u80fd\u52d5\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u5594\uff01 (p194) \u90a3\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\u3002\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u7684\u7121\u660e\u50cf\u751f\u725b\u76ae\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u8b1b\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u807d\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5927\u5e2b\u4e00\u756a\u7684\u82e6\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u5f88\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u537b\u662f\u300c\u7b26\u5408\u7d93\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u3002\u80fd\u52d5\u5fc3\u610f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u7d93\u7fa9\uff0c\u8b1b\u5f97\u5929\u82b1\u4e82\u589c\uff0c\u8b1b\u932f\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53c8\u5bb3\u4e86\uff01\u4ed6\u9084\u8981\u7d93\u7fa9\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u7d93\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u5be6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5e2b\u4e5f\u8aaa\u300c\u8af8\u5584\u58eb\u8a9e\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7956\u5e2b\u7684\u8a9e\u9304\uff0c\u7956\u5e2b\u7684\u8a9e\u9304\uff0c\u4f86\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u771f\u6b63\u838a\u56b4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u838a\u56b4\u54ea\uff01\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u9084\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u300c\u7c97\u6b21\u7b2c\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5927\u7db1\uff0c\u300c\u7565\u70ba\u5efa\u8a2d\u300d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u539f\u5247\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b20\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u5462\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u300c\u5ee3\u5982\u9918\u8655\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u627e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u53c8\u4f86\u4e00\u6bb5\u53ee\u56d1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53ee\u56d1\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6211\u7b49\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u6975\u5176\u7c97\u91cd\uff0c\u591a\u4e0d\u4e86\u77e5\u4f9d\u5e2b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u77e5\u4ea6\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u8af8\u805e\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u53cd\u8d77\u7121\u91cf\u4f9d\u5e2b\u4e4b\u7f6a\uff0c\u5373\u65bc\u6b64\u7f6a\u4ea6\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u6094\u9632\u7b49\u5fc3\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f\u5509\uff01\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u7169\u60f1\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u7c97\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u91cd\uff01\u300c\u7c97\u300d\u662f\u6307\u9019\u500b\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u300c\u91cd\u300d\u662f\u6307\u9019\u500b\u91cf\uff1b\u8cea\u3001\u91cf\u53c8\u7c97\u662f\u53c8\u91cd\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5b8c\u5168\u8981\u9760 (p195) \u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u6de8\u5316\u5b83\uff0c\u537b\u504f\u504f\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4f9d\u5e2b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u95dc\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u300c\u77e5\u4ea6\u4e0d\u884c\u300d\uff0c\u5509\uff01\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4e0d\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u8af8\u805e\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u53cd\u8d77\u7121\u91cf\u4f9d\u5e2b\u4e4b\u7f6a\u300d\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u4f9d\u6b62\u4e86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u662f\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u7a4d\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u5982\u6cd5\u884c\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u800c\u589e\u9577\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7f6a\u904e\u3002\u90a3\u6709\u4e86\u7f6a\u904e\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u99ac\u4e0a\u61fa\u6094\u554a\uff01\u7d50\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u5373\u65bc\u6b64\u7f6a\u4ea6\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u6094\u9632\u7b49\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u9020\u7684\u8981\u53bb\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9020\u7684\u8981\u9632\u8b77\u3002\u9019\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u61fa\u6094\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff01\u9019\u662f\u5927\u5e2b\u7279\u5225\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u8001\u5a46\u5fc3\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c \u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c \u5377 A \u9762 \u4e0a\u65e5\u4e0b\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b \uff08\u624b\u6284\u641e \u7b2c\u4e09\u518a p179\uff09 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p. 40 (3) \u3010\u300a\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7d93\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u8caa\u778b\u7661\u4e00\u5207\u6839\u672c\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u7f6a\u60e1\u53cb\uff0c\u6b64\u5982\u6bd2\u6a39\u3002\u300d\u3011 (p180) \u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5584\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u60e1\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u65c1\u908a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7121\u660e\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6bd2\u6a39\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6bd2\u6a39\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u6bd2\u3001\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u6bd2\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u98a8\u5439\u904e\uff0c\u5439\u904e\u6bd2\u6a39\u7684\u98a8\u5439\u5230\u4f60\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e2d\u4e86\u6bd2\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u5439\u7684\u6642\u5019\u89ba\u5f97\u6eff\u6dbc\u5feb\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u592a\u967d\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5750\u5728\u6a39\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9084\u5f88\u852d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e2d\u4e86\u6bd2\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u9019\u9ebc\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u6cd5\uff01\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u6cd5\uff01 \u3010\u300a\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u3011 \u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f86\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u3001\u6559\u8aa1\u6211\u5011\u3002 \u3010\u300c\u5982\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\u6016\u754f\u60e1\u53cb\uff0c\u975e\u9189\u8c61\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u552f\u58de\u8eab\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4ff1\u58de\u5584\u53ca\u6de8\u5fc3\u3002\u300d\u3011 \u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c0d\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9019\u500b\u83e9\u85a9\u9632\u5099\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u500b\u9632\u5099\u6cd5\uff1f\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6015\uff0c\u6015\u5230\u6975\u9ede\u3002\u9189\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u8c61\u5df2\u7d93\u8abf\u4f0f\u4e86\uff0c\u7260\u5e73\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u4e82\u767c\u813e\u6c23\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5403\u9189\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e82\u641e\u3002\u9019\u500b\u91ce\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8abf\u4f0f\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u91ce\u8c61\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9019\u500b\u8c61\u7fa4\u8d70\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u7345\u5b50\u3001\u8001\u864e\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8c61\u591a\u53b2\u5bb3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u90a3\u500b\u9189\u8c61\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u4f60\u4e00\u9ede\u8fa6\u6cd5\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u53ef\u6015\u6975\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u563f\uff01\u83e9\u85a9\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u53cb\u7684\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u90a3\u500b\u9189\u8c61\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u90a3\u500b\u9189\u8c61\u6700\u591a\u628a\u4f60\u547d\u9001\u6389\uff0c\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u4f46\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5584 (p181) \u6839\u3001\u547d\u9001\u6389\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u300c\u6de8\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5584\u6839\u662f\u9023\u6839\u93df\u9664\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u53ef\u6015\uff01\u9019\u9189\u8c61\u628a\u4f60\u9019\u4e00\u751f\u5f04\u6b7b\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e00\u5b9a\u628a\u4f60\u9001\u5230\u5730\u7344\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u53ef\u6015\uff01\u9019\u4e00\u751f\u5f04\u6b7b\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u75db\u82e6\u77ed\u77ed\u5730\u6c92\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5230\u5730\u7344\u88e1\u662f\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u52ab\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 \u3010\u53c8\u8aaa\u5f7c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e00\u552f\u58de\u8089\u8eab\uff0c\u4e00\u517c\u58de\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002\u3011 \u9019\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5225\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u3010\u4e00\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u64f2\u8af8\u60e1\u8da3\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u64f2\u3002\u3011 \u9189\u8c61\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u628a\u4f60\u9001\u5230\u60e1\u8da3\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e00\u5b9a\u628a\u4f60\u9001\u5230\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\u3002 \u3010\u300a\u8ae6\u8005\u54c1\u300b\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u82e5\u70ba\u60e1\u53cb\u86c7\u57f7\u5fc3\uff0c\u68c4\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7642\u6bd2\u85e5\uff0c\u6b64\u7b49\u96d6\u805e\u6b63\u6cd5\u5bf6\uff0c\u55da\u547c\u653e\u9038\u58ae\u96aa\u8655\u3002\u300d\u3011 \u842c\u4e00\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u89aa\u8fd1\u4e86\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u50cf\u6bd2\u86c7\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u5c45\u7136\u4f60\u57f7\u53d6\u4e0d\u6368\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ed6\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u9019\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u9060\u96e2\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u6cbb\u7642\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4e09\u6bd2\u5927\u75c5\u7684\u5c0d\u6cbb\u4e4b\u826f\u85e5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5728 (p182) \u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4f60\u807d\u898b\u4e86\u6b63\u6cd5\u5bf6\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff01\u5118\u7ba1\u4f60\u807d\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u807d\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4f60\u8b1b\uff0c\u80fd\u8aaa\u80fd\u9053\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u300c\u55da\u547c\u653e\u9038\u58ae\u96aa\u8655\u300d\uff0c\u96aa\u8655\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\uff0c\u653e\u9038\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7cbe\u9032\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u4f5b\u6cd5\u662f\u7167\u8457\u5982\u7406\u884c\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5c0d\u4f60\u807d\u898b\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u505a\u561b\uff01\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u807d\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u60e1\u4eba\u9084\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e00\u5b9a\u58ae\u5230\u7121\u9593\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u58ae\u843d\u5730\u7344\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8d70\u932f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u771f\u6b63\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u5f15\u5c0e\u4f60\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u60e1\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002 \u3010\u300a\u89aa\u53cb\u96c6\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u7121\u4fe1\u800c\u6173\u608b\uff0c\u5984\u8a9e\u53ca\u96e2\u9593\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u4e0d\u61c9\u89aa\uff0c\u52ff\u5171\u60e1\u4eba\u4f4f\u3002\u3011 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(p183) 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(p184) \u5728\u9019\u5152\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u5225\u7576\u4e2d\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4f5b\u7d93\u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u50cf\u87ba\u8784\u3001\u868c\u86e4\u90a3\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e86\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u5206\u5225\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u975e\u5584\u60e1\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5f04\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u96a8\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4f60\u8981\u5206\u5225\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4fe1\u7684\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u597d\u4e86\uff01 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(p185) \u597d\u3001\u597d\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u597d\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5c31\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u600e\u9ebc\u64cb\u4f4f\u4f60\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\u5427\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u5f9e\u5916\u9762\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u88e1\u908a\uff0c\u90a3\u60e1\u540d\u4e5f\u589e\u9577\u3002 \u3010\u4eba\u8fd1\u975e\u61c9\u89aa\uff0c\u7531\u5f7c\u904e\u6210\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u6bd2\u7bad\u7f6e\u56ca\uff0c\u4ea6\u67d3\u7121\u6bd2\u8005\u3002\u300d\u3011 \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ed6\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u540d\u8b7d\u58de\u2014\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u72c0\u614b\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u9019\u500b\uff01\u4f60\u4e00\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u904e\u932f\u4f60\u90fd\u6cbe\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u500b\u6bd2\u7bad\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u888b\u88e1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6bd2\u7bad\u6cbe\u4e86\u90a3\u500b\uff0c\u78b0\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff01\u78b0\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff01\u96d6\u7136\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6bd2\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u9760\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c 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