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\u4e0a<\/sup>\u65e5\u4e0b<\/sup>\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b<\/p>\n

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p. 37 (9)<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u7b2c\u56db\u89aa\u8fd1\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5b\u4f4d\uff0c\u8af8\u4f5b\u6b61\u559c\uff0c\u7d42\u4e0d\u7f3a\u96e2\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u58ae\u60e1\u8da3\uff0c\u60e1\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u6089\u4e0d\u80fd\u52dd\uff0c\u7d42\u4e0d\u9055\u8d8a\u83e9\u85a9\u6240\u884c\uff0c\u65bc\u83e9\u85a9\u884c\u5177\u6b63\u5ff5\u6545\uff0c\u529f\u5fb7\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6f38\u6f38\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u6089\u80fd\u6210\u8fa6\u773c\u524d\u7a76\u7adf\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u7fa9\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5b\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u4f86\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8981\u5b78\u4f5b\uff01\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u96d6\u7136\u8981\u5b78\u4f5b\u2014\u662f\uff01\u76ee\u7684\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u5c0d\uff1b\u662f\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u54ea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u662f\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u6211\u662f (p131) \u51e1\u592b\u561b\uff01\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u8e0f\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u597d\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5730\u8e0f\u6b65\uff0c\u8e0f\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u9084\u5728\u539f\u5730\uff1b\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u5750\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e7e\u8106\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\uff01\u4ed6\u6b65\u6b65\u4e0a\u9032\uff0c\u6b65\u6b65\u4e0a\u9032\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5b\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff01\u800c\u4e14\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u76f4\u8def\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u5982\u7406\u5730\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u8af8\u4f5b\u6b61\u559c\u300d\u3002\u554a\uff0c\u5c0d\u5440\uff0c\u5c0d\u5440\uff01\u4f60\u9019\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u7d42\u4e0d\u7f3a\u96e2\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7d50\u7684\u7de3\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u561b\uff01\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u8eab\u908a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u696d\u611f\u7de3\u8d77\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u96e2\u958b\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u96e2\u958b\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7570\u719f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7b49\u6d41\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u58ae\u843d\u60e1\u8da3\u554a\uff01\u58de\u7684\u3001\u696d\u969c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u300c\u60e1\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u6089\u4e0d\u80fd\u52dd\u300d\uff0c\u7169\u60f1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4f60\uff0c\u60e1\u696d\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u5728\u60e1\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u7576\u4e2d\u8f49\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u64cb\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u9055\u83e9\u85a9\u6240\u61c9\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u83e9\u85a9\u2014\u5728\u5bb6\u83e9\u85a9\u6212\uff0c\u51fa\u5bb6\u83e9\u85a9\u2014\u51fa\u5bb6\u83e9\u85a9\u6212\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u5f88\u6b63\u78ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u65bc\u83e9\u85a9\u884c\u5177\u6b63\u5ff5\u6545\uff0c\u529f\u5fb7\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6f38\u6f38\u589e\u9577\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u8ddf\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u300c\u6b63\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u884c\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u90fd\u5728\u6de8\u9664\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u662f\u300c\u589e\u9577\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u6de8\u9664\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u7684\u611f\u7684\u679c\u2014\u773c\u524d\u7684\u3001\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u589e\u9577\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a23\u6a23\u90fd\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u300c\u6089\u80fd\u6210\u8fa6\u73fe\u524d\u7a76\u7adf\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u7fa9\u300d\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684 (p132) \u597d\u8655\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u5230\u7a76\u7adf\u624d\u884c\u54e6\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u597d\u3001\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u627f\u4e8b\u5e2b\u6545\uff0c\u610f\u6a02\u52a0\u884c\u6089\u7372\u5584\u696d\uff0c\u4f5c\u81ea\u4ed6\u5229\u8cc7\u7ce7\u5713\u6eff\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u7576\u4e2d\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u5229\u4ed6\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u505a\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u5229\u4ed6\u5728\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u8cc7\u7ce7\u9806\u4e86\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u9806\uff0c\u90fd\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff01\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7d30\u7d30\u5730\u53bb\u60f3\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f60\u8d8a\u6b61\u559c\u554a\uff0c\u6b38\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u89aa\u8fd1\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u838a\u56b4\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u8d77\u52c1\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u89ba\u5f97\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u8d77\u52c1\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u624d\u611f\u89ba\u5f97\u50cf\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u505a\u751f\u610f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u5728\u8cfa\u9322\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4f60\u5fd9\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u8ca1\u6e90\u662f\u6efe\u6efe\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u8d77\u52c1\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8aaa\u4e0b\u53bb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5982\u662f\u4ea6\u5982\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u5584\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6b63\u6240\u651d\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u58ae\u60e1\u8da3\u3002\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u601d\u5ff5\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u9055\u8d8a\u83e9\u85a9\u5b78\u8655\u3002\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u52dd\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\u3002\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u627f\u4e8b\u4f9b\u990a\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u800c\u884c\u3002\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u651d\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u8af8\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u96e3\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

(p133) \u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u73fe\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u6e96\u5099\u8d70\u9019\u689d\u8def\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u651d\u53d7\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u7d55\u4e0d\u58ae\u843d\u60e1\u8da3\u3001\u7d55\u4e0d\u58ae\u843d\u60e1\u8da3\uff01\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\u54e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u2014\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u5982\u6cd5\u53d7\u4ed6\u651d\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u53d7\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u651d\u6301\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u651d\u6301\u4f60\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u67d0\u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u554a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u554a\uff01\u300d\u4f60\u773c\u775b\u4e00\u77aa\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5600\u5495\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u9ede\u7528\u5834\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u78d5\u982d\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u651d\u53d7\u4f60\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u651d\u53d7\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u6392\u62d2\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u6392\u62d2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u651d\u53d7\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u70ba\u300c\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u601d\u5ff5\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u9055\u8d8a\u83e9\u85a9\u5b78\u8655\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u601d\u5ff5\u4f60\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u9055\u80cc\u3002\u7684\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u8aaa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u601d\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u5b7a\u5b50\u53ef\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ed6\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4f86\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u77aa\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u7d66\u4ed6\u5600\u5495\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u55ce\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u651d\u53d7\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u5e38\u5e38\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u6211\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u3002\u300d\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u592a\u591a\u9019\u7a2e\u597d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u7576\u5e74\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8aaa\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u8001\u5e2b\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u6cd5\u5e2b\u554a\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u59cb\u7d42\u4e0d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u3002\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u5076\u7136\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4ed6\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703 (p134) \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6b38\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u5440\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6211\u8aaa\u4f60\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u5750\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u771f\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f86\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u5c31\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u300c\u6b38\uff01\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u5440\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5c0d\u5440\uff01\u300d\u5509\uff01\u4ed6\u4e00\u807d\uff0c\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5f97\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u5be6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0b\u6b21\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u8a71\u597d\u8aaa\u4e86\u2014\u4f60\u5c0d\uff01\u4f60\u5c0d\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b21\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u300c\u5343\u91d1\u5e02\u9aa8\u300d\u7684\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u8aaa\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u81f3\u8aa0\u606d\u656c\u5730\u807d\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u5b7a\u5b50\u53ef\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u525b\u624d\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u6211\u7576\u521d\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e86\uff0c\u807d\u5927\u5bb6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u51fa\u4e86\u5bb6\u99ac\u4e0a\u9589\u95dc\u3002\u300d\u5c31\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u60f3\u9589\u95dc\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u66c9\u5f97\u9589\u95dc\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u9589\u95dc\u3002\u300d\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u9589\u95dc\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4f8d\u5019\u4ed6\uff01\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u6b38\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u554a\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u6eff\u597d\u54a7\uff01\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u77aa\u5927\u4e86\u773c\u775b\u628a\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u76f4\u76f4\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u9084\u8aaa\u4e0d\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u627e\u4e86\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u554a\uff01\u4ed6\u770b\u770b\uff1a\u300c\u662f\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u8981\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u55ce\uff1f\u771f\u6b63\u4f60\u6709\u8981\u8ddf\u4f60\u8aaa\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u807d\u4e0d\u9032\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u7a0d\u5fae\u8a8d\u771f\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u751f\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u80cc\u5f8c\u5600\u5600\u5495\u5495\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u4e0b\u6b21\uff1a\u300c\u597d\u3001\u597d\u3001\u597d\uff01\u4f60\u597d\u3001\u4f60\u597d\uff01\u300d\u90a3\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4f60\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7b11\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

(p135) \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee5\u524d\u72af\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u5152\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e74\u8f15\u90fd\u662f\u72af\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u5e6b\u5fd9\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u8036\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u9054\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8036\uff01\u4f60\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u90fd\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u2026\u2026\u8de8\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u8de8\u4e0d\u958b\uff0c\u4f60\u8aaa\u6211\u5c45\u7136\u4e00\u6b65\u80fd\u5920\u722c\u5230\u5929\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u7b11\u8a71\u55ce\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u601d\u5ff5\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5177\u4e0d\u5177\u8ddf\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5440\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u5148\u8aaa\u8001\u5e2b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76f8\uff0c\u5148\u8aaa\u5f1f\u5b50\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u8db3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5440\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd9\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5fd9\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f1f\u5b50\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

“\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u52dd\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\u3002”\u6b38\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5225\u770b\u5728\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u9762\u524d\u505a\u4ed6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8d\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u65e9\u6668\u8d77\u4f86\u8981\u7d66\u4ed6\u6e05\u6d17\u5ec1\u6240\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6bd4\u505a\u5927\u7e3d\u7d71\u9084\u8981\u597d\uff0c\u9019\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u505a\u767e\u842c\u5bcc\u8c6a\u9084\u8981\u597d\uff01\u300c\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u627f\u4e8b\u4f9b\u990a\u77e5\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u800c\u884c\u3002\u300d\u53c8\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01\u9019\u662f\u61c9\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6015\uff01\u4f60\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u6642\u6642\u9ede\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u4f60\u932f\u3002\u300c\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u651d\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u8af8\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u96e3\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\u3002\u300d\u696d\u3001\u7169\u60f1\u96e3\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u561b\uff01<\/p>\n

“\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u627f\u4e8b\u4f9b\u990a\u77e5\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u800c\u884c\u3002”\uff0c\u53c8\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u61c9\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6015\uff0c\u4f60\u932f\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6703\u6642\u6642\u9ede\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u4f60\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n

“\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u651d\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u8af8\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u96e3\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\u3002”\uff0c\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u96e3\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

p. 38<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53c8\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u5584\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u96a8\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u6709\u6559\u8aa1\uff0c\u8af8\u4f5b\u4e16\u5c0a\u5fc3\u6b63\u6b61\u559c\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u807d\u8457\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u8af8\u4f5b\u4e16\u5c0a\u5fc3\u6b61\u559c\u300d\u3002\u4f5b\u4e16\u5c0a\u6b61\u559c\u7684\u4ec0 (p136) \u9ebc\uff1f\u6b61\u559c\u4f60\u65e9\u4e00\u9ede\u6210\u4f5b\u561b\uff01\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u807d\u8457\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u8aa1\uff0c\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u6b61\u559c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4f9b\u990a\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u4f60\u716e\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u597d\u83dc\u8dd1\u5f97\u53bb\uff1b\u54e6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6572\u6253\u5538\u5531\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5403\u4e00\u9910\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u80c3\u53e3\uff0c\u5230\u5929\u4e0a\u9762\u4ed6\u4f86\u805e\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5473\u9053\u662f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u500b\u5929\u4e0a\u6771\u897f\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u53bb\u805e\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5929\u4e0a\u805e\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4f9b\u990a\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5982\u6cd5\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u8aa1\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u6b61\u559c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b61\u559c\u6211\u5011\u7092\u5e7e\u500b\u83dc\uff1b\u800c\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u6b61\u559c\u7684\uff0c\u6b61\u559c\u6211\u5011\u81f3\u8aa0\u606d\u656c\u5730\u53bb\u4f9b\u990a\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u300d\uff01\u9019\u500b\u4f60\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u9084\u662f\u6b61\u559c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u65e2\u7136\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4f9b\u990a\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u932f\u4e86\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u932f\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u54ea\u2026\u2026\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f9b\u990a\uff1b\u4eca\u5929\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u662f\u81f3\u8aa0\u606d\u656c\u5730\u8dd1\u5f97\u53bb\u6572\u6253\u5538\u5531\uff0c\u677f\u773c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u932f\u3002\u5c0d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8981\u5206\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82e5\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u65bc\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u6709\u8a00\u6559\uff0c\u5b89\u4f4f\u7121\u9055\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7591\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\uff0c\u300c\u4f5c\u610f\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u52d5\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u60f3\uff1a (p138) \u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u4f60\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u96e2\u958b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u96e2\u958b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u72c0\u614b\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u7121\u8a18\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u300c\u601d\u60df\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5fc3\u88e1\u7d93\u5e38\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\uff1a\u554a\uff01\u6211\u8981\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u770b\u6210\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u300c\u5357\u7121\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u6709\u7279\u5225\u610f\u7fa9\u54e6\uff01\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u6211\u4e00\u5fc3\u7688\u6295\u4f9d\u9760\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u2014\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u5357\u7121\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u5357\u7121\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u52a0\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4f5c\u610f\u4e0d\u6368\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8a8d\u771f\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u9593\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u8457\u5230\u6975\u6a02\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f5b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u4f5b\u4f5b\u9053\u540c\u3002\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u91cb\u8fe6\u4e16\u5c0a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u6bd7\u76e7\u906e\u90a3\u4f5b\u904d\u4e00\u5207\u8655\uff0c\u5176\u4f5b\u6240\u4f4f\u540d\u5e38\u5bc2\u5149\u300d\u3002\u8aaa\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u561b\uff01\u54ea\u88e1\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u6211\u5011\u91cb\u8fe6\u4e16\u5c0a\uff0c\u73fe\u524d\uff1b\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u73fe\u524d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u7591\u5ff5\u6c92\u6709\u6de8\u9664\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9060\u96e2\u3002\u78b0\u898b\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0f\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u60f3\uff1a\u54ce\u55b2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u884c\u54e6\uff01\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u640d\u5931\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u54e6\uff01\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u8457\u6212\uff0c\u4f60\u8d77\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5ff5\u982d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7591\u561b\uff01\u4ed6\u53eb\u4f60\u6212\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6212\u4f60\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u6212\u4f60\u8caa\u778b\u7661\uff0c\u6212\u4f60\u7684\u898b\u7169\u60f1\u3001\u601d\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5728\u898b\u7169\u60f1\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5ff5\u4f5b\u4e0d\u96e3\u6b38\uff01\u96e3\u662f\u96e3\u7684\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u61c2\u5f97\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u4fee\u884c\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u3001\u6700\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u4e5f\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

(p139) \u8acb\u7ffb\u5230\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u9801\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u5927\u6982\u7684\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u4fee\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6162\u6162\u5730\u4e0a\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5076\u7136\u4f86\u65c1\u807d\u4e00\u5802\u3001\u5169\u5802\u90a3\u6c92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u662f\u5f8c\u9762\u4f86\u807d\u7684\u540c\u4fee\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5f9e\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u88dc\u807d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5b83\u624d\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u554a\uff01\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u3001\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u5f9e\u982d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u5230\u807d\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8aaa\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u9801\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u79d8\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u82e5\u5584\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u5584\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u6975\u606d\u656c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b62\u89aa\u8fd1\u627f\u4e8b\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u82e5\u5982\u662f\u8005\uff0c\u805e\u5584\u6cd5\u6545\u6210\u5584\u610f\u6a02\uff0c\u53ca\u7531\u5f7c\u6545\u6210\u5584\u52a0\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u9020\u4f5c\u5584\u696d\uff0c\u8f49\u8da3\u5584\u884c\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5f15\u7d93\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5584\u7537\u5b50\u3001\u5584\u5973\u4eba\u2014\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u300c\u5584\u300d\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u7d93\u4e0a\u9762\u7e3d\u662f\u770b\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u5584\u7537\u5b50\u3001\u5584\u5973\u4eba\uff01\u6211\u5011\u96a8\u4fbf\u958b\u53e3\u5c31\u5584\u7537\u5b50\u3001\u5584\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5584\u300d\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6709\u5b83\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6df1\u6dfa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u666e\u901a\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5584\u7537\u5b50\u3001\u5584\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53e3\u982d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88e1\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5584\u300d\u5b57\u2014\u5177\u6709\u7a2e\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85 (p140) \u9019\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5177\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u524d\u9762\u65b7\u5668\u4e09\u904e\u3001\u5177\u516d\u7a2e\u60f3\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u8981\u5177\u5f1f\u5b50\u76f8\uff0c\u5177\u5f1f\u5b50\u7684\u56db\u500b\u76f8\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u6210\u300c\u5584\u7537\u5b50\u3001\u5584\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u8aaa\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u597d\u8655\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u5584\u300d\u5b57\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5584\u300d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u6211\u5011\u5167\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9762\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u627f\u53d7\u807d\u805e\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff1f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6c92\u9019\u500b\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u53bb\u6c42\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u597d\u8655\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u7684\u540c\u4fee\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u524d\u9762\u807d\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u624d\u66c9\u5f97\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u3001\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u7518\u9732\u4e0b\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u9ede\u7528\u5834\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u9ebc\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u610f\u6a02\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u523b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u807d\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5c08\u5fc3\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u5728\u807d\u805e\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u5584\u610f\u6a02 (p141) \u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u807d\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc3\u88e1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7cca\u91cc\u7cca\u5857\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u7661\u300d\u76f8\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9084\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u6df1\u7d30\u7684\u7121\u660e\u54e6\uff01\u53ea\u662f\u7121\u660e\u7684\u7c97\u986f\u7684\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u5c31\u7661\u7661\u5446\u5446\u90a3\u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u6eff\u597d\u3002\u6191\u9019\u500b\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u4fee\u884c\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u7661\u5446\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u5916\u5883\u5f15\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8caa\u3001\u5c31\u662f\u778b\u2014\u770b\u9019\u500b\u5883\u754c\u5f88\u6b61\u559c\uff0c\u90a3\u8caa\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u770b\u898b\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u4e0d\u6b61\u559c\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u8a0e\u53ad\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u778b\u76f8\u61c9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5fc3\u6602\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u8caa\u778b\uff0c\u5fc3\u6c88\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u660f\u6c88\u3001\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u6bd2\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u90fd\u662f\u67d3\u6c61\u4e4b\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

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(p128) \u6211\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u73fe\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u73fe\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6211\u525b\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4e0b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u5243\u982d\u99ac\u4e0a\u9589\u95dc\uff0c\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5440\uff0c\u5e2b\u7236\u5243\u5b8c\u4e86\u982d\u6211\u5c31\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u7345\u982d\u5c71\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7345\u982d\u5c71\u5143\u5149\u5bfa\uff0c\u5bb6\u5e2b\u662f\u4e0a\u672c\u4e0b\u660e\u8001\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u8d70\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6a23\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u662f\u5750\u4eab\u73fe\u6210\uff0c\u5509\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5bb6\u5e2b\u5f85\u6211\u4ec1\u81f3\u7fa9\u76e1\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u61c2\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u8981\u53bb\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\uff0c\u9b27\u8457\u8981\u53bb\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u9ede\u9418\u5403\u98ef\uff0c\u6211\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u6301\u5348\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5341\u4e00\u9ede\u534a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c08\u9580\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u5341\u4e00\u9ede\u534a\u628a\u98ef\u9001\u4e0a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5c45\u7136\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u9084\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u9084\u826f\u5fc3\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u9084\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u9001\u4e0a\u4f86\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u62ff\u3002\u300d\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u8d8a\u60f3\u8d8a\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u8d8a\u60f3\u8d8a\u985b\u5012\uff0c\u8d8a\u60f3\u8d8a\u61ca\u6094\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5148\u5403\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u7279\u5225\u5f04\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u88e1\u9084\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u7406\uff01\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9084\u8981\u53bb\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\uff01 \u7d50\u679c\u6211\u5e2b\u7236\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u5fcd\u7121\u53ef\u5fcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u771f\u597d\u554a\uff01\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u4f60\u8981\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53bb\u4f4f\u561b\uff01\u300d\u6b38\uff0c\u90a3\u5929\u6211\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u53e3\u6c23\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u5a49\u8f49\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u5c0d\u5440\uff01\u90a3\u6211\u771f\u7684\u53bb\u8305\u84ec\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u5750\u4eab\u5176\u6210\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4e0b\u9762\u53bb\u62ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u6a23\u6a23\u90fd\u5f04\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u8305\u84ec\uff0c\u5403\u54ea\u4f86\u554a\uff1f\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f86\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u60f3\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8981\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u6c92\u8b1b\u8981\u96e2\u958b\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u898b\u6211\u5f04\u4e86\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u8b1b\uff0c\u7b11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u65c1\u908a\u6709\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff1a\u300c\u67d0 (p129) \u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u53bb\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\u5566\uff01\u300d\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u6b38\uff0c\u4e0d\u884c\u3001\u4e0d\u884c\uff01\u300d\u6b38\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u65c1\u908a\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u53bb\u4f4f\u8305\u84ec\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u88e1\u53c8\u7662\u7662\u7684\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5148\u53bb\uff0c\u53bb\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u53bb\u3002\u300d\u7d50\u679c\u5e78\u597d\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u3002\u6574\u500b\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u4e2d\u9593\u4e5f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u898b\u9762\uff0c\u898b\u4e86\u9762\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u61ca\u6094\u4e86\uff1a\u300c\u5509\u5440\uff01\u67d0\u4eba\u554a\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6211\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u62d6\u6b7b\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8aaa\u7576\u521d\u8dd1\u5f97\u4f86\u597d\u60f3\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u5440\uff01\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u3002\u300d\u7b49\u5230\u6211\u8ddf\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u8b1b\uff0c\u554a\uff01\u4ed6\u672c\u4f86\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u500b\u4e0a\u5ea7\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u807d\u5f9e\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u807d\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u89ba\u5f97\u805e\u6240\u672a\u805e\u54ea\uff01\u8dd1\u5f97\u4f86\u5929\u5929\u606d\u606d\u656c\u656c\u5730\u807d\uff0c\u6211\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u5fc3\u88e1\u5f88\u904e\u610f\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5927\u5e2b\u4f5b\u9640\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\u3002\u300d \u6211\u5c31\u96a8\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8d77\u9019\u6bb5\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u7d66\u4f60\u5011\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u9858\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u8af8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u72af\u6211\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8aaa\u525b\u624d\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u540c\u4fee\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6709\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c11\u2014\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u5e74\u3001\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u591a\u2014\u4e09\u5e74\u3001\u56db\u5e74\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u9084\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u89aa\u8fd1\u4e86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u65e5\u65e5\u591c\u591c\u611f\u89ba\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u525b\u624d\u66fe\u7d93\u8ddf\u4f60\u5011\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u6703\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u5011\u662f\u5426\u52aa\u529b\u54e6\uff01\u4e0d\u52aa\u529b\u4f60\u5011\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\uff0c\u76f8\u61c9\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u3002\u6240 (p130) \u4ee5\u6211\u8aaa\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u770b\u898b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u8457\u90a3\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u8eab\u908a\u3002\u54ce\u55b2\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u600e\u9ebc\u7f75\u4e5f\u7f75\u4e0d\u8d70\uff0c\u6253\u4e5f\u6253\u4e0d\u8d70\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u6b38\uff01\u7d50\u679c\u4ed6\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u5c07\u4f86\u8981\u561b\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u662f\u4f5b\u9580\u9f8d\u8c61\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c0d\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u662f\u5c0d\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eab\u53e3\u4e0a\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u6301\u3002\u518d\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u8aaa\u9053\u7406\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u89aa\u8fd1\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5bb3\u8655\u3002\u770b\uff1a p. 37 (9) \u3010\u25ce \u7b2c\u56db\u89aa\u8fd1\u52dd\u5229\u8005\u3002\u3011 \u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002 \u3010\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5b\u4f4d\uff0c\u8af8\u4f5b\u6b61\u559c\uff0c\u7d42\u4e0d\u7f3a\u96e2\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u58ae\u60e1\u8da3\uff0c\u60e1\u696d\u7169\u60f1\u6089\u4e0d\u80fd\u52dd\uff0c\u7d42\u4e0d\u9055\u8d8a\u83e9\u85a9\u6240\u884c\uff0c\u65bc\u83e9\u85a9\u884c\u5177\u6b63\u5ff5\u6545\uff0c\u529f\u5fb7\u8cc7\u7ce7\u6f38\u6f38\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u6089\u80fd\u6210\u8fa6\u773c\u524d\u7a76\u7adf\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u7fa9\u3002\u3011 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u8fd1\u8af8\u4f5b\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u4f86\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u8981\u5b78\u4f5b\uff01\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u96d6\u7136\u8981\u5b78\u4f5b\u2014\u662f\uff01\u76ee\u7684\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u5c0d\uff1b\u662f\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u54ea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u662f\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u6211\u662f (p131) 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(p132) \u597d\u8655\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u5230\u7a76\u7adf\u624d\u884c\u54e6\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u597d\u3001\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u597d\u3002 \u3010\u627f\u4e8b\u5e2b\u6545\uff0c\u610f\u6a02\u52a0\u884c\u6089\u7372\u5584\u696d\uff0c\u4f5c\u81ea\u4ed6\u5229\u8cc7\u7ce7\u5713\u6eff\u3002\u3011 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