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p. 28 (3)<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u82e5\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5177\u5982\u662f\u5668\u76f8\uff0c\u8aaa\u6cd5\u77e5\u8b58\u96d6\u6975\u904d\u6de8\uff0c\u7136\u7531\u805e\u8005\u904e\u589e\u4e0a\u6545\uff0c\u57f7\u70ba\u6709\u904e\u3002\u65bc\u8aaa\u8005\u904e\uff0c\u53cd\u57f7\u70ba\u5fb7\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5047\u5b9a\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u8a71\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u5440\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7a76\u5be6\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b78\u770b\u770b\u6211\u689d\u4ef6\u5920\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u8d95\u5feb\u52aa\u529b\uff1b\u5920\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u627e\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5177\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u6975\u904d\u300d\u7684\u6de8\u2014\u2014\u6975\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u5c0d\uff0c\u904d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5730\u5713\u6eff\u2014\u2014\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u50cf\u4f5b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u771f\u6b63\u5713\u6eff\u7684\uff0c\u6975\u904d\u5730\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u50cf\u4f5b\u4e00\u6a23\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u300c\u7531\u805e\u8005\u904e\u589e\u4e0a\u6545\uff0c\u57f7\u70ba\u6709\u904e\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u807d\u805e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u904e\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u5931\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f37\u76db\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5fb7\u884c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u4f60\u9858\u610f\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u55ce\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u903c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u9760\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4ed6\u90fd\u662f\u904e\u5931\uff0c\u4f60\u80af\u807d\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u8a71\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u5e38\u5e38\u807d\u898b\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\uff0c\u807d\u898b\u600e\u9ebc\u8b1b\uff1f\u300c\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5e2b\u5f92\u4e4b\u9593\u842c\u4e00\u6709\u4e86\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8005 (p255) \u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u7406\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u83ab\u5948\u4f55\u4f60\u5440\uff01\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5473\u9053\u3002\u9019\u7b97\u662f\u597d\u7684\u55b2\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7ffb\u81c9\uff0c\u9084\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u3002\u90a3\u4f60\u8aaa\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5b78\u554a\uff1f\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u6559\u4f60\uff1f\u4e0d\u5435\u9084\u7b97\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5566\uff01\u5e2b\u5f92\u4e4b\u9593\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u9b25\u722d\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u5e2b\u5f92\u4e4b\u9593\u5c1a\u4e14\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u53bb\uff0c\u80fd\u6559\u5225\u4eba\u55ce\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6c42\u5fe0\u81e3\u65bc\u5b5d\u5b50\u4e4b\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u88e1\u9762\u90fd\u5f04\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u8aaa\u80fd\u5920\u6cbb\u570b\u3001\u5e73\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u7121\u6709\u662f\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300c\u8853\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8853\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u60f3\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u6771\u897f\u5f04\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9760\u9019\u500b\u3002\u4e16\u9593\u5c1a\u4e14\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u4f5b\u9580\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4ed6\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u904e\u5931\uff0c\u300c\u57f7\u70ba\u6709\u904e\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u5999\u5566\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u660e\u660e\u6709\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53cd\u57f7\u70ba\u5fb7\u3002\u563f\uff0c\u6709\u904e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u597d\u554a\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u6b38\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u5f88\u5bec\u554a\uff0c\u4ed6\u611b\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5c31\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u54ea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5f88\u6148\u60b2\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u500b\u6148\u60b2\u738b\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u4f60\u8981\u9322\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7d66\u4f60\u9322\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u73a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8b93\u4f60\u73a9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u56de\u53bb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e3d\u6b78\u7d66\u4f60\u5403\u3002\u554a\uff01\u75db\u5fc3\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53eb\u4eba\u75db\u5fc3\u554a\uff01\u4f5b\u6cd5\u88e1\u9762\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u7279\u5225\u5730\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u662f\u6545\u7e31\u5f97\u5b8c\u5177\u4e00\u5207\u5fb7\u76f8\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7136\u65bc\u5176\u5e2b\u4ea6\u96e3\u4e86\u77e5\u3002\u82e5\u77e5\u5f7c\u5df2\u80fd\u89aa\u8fd1\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u81ea\u5177\u662f\u8af8\u5fb7\u76f8\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

(p256) \u6240\u4ee5\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u7e31\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5713\u6eff\u5177\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u5177\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u90a3\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u300c\u7136\u65bc\u5176\u5e2b\u4ea6\u96e3\u4e86\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4f60\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u771f\u6b63\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u300c\u82e5\u77e5\u5f7c\u5df2\u80fd\u89aa\u8fd1\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u5177\u8db3\u4e00\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1b\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u80fd\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u9019\u500b\u5fb7\u76f8\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u5fb7\u76f8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u4f11\u606f\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u25ce \u5176\u4e2d\u6b63\u4f4f\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u4e0d\u58ae\u9ee8\u985e\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u58ae\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u9ee8\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57f7\u8457\u561b\uff01\u9ee8\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u57f7\u8457\u561b\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u57f7\u8457\u6cd5\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u57f7\u8457\u975e\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u57f7\u8457\u4e86\u6cd5\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u5bc2\u975c\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u57f7 (p262) \u8457\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u54ea\u88e1\u53bb\uff1f\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u58ae\u9ee8\u985e\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u8caa\u8457\u81ea\u5b97\uff0c\u778b\u4ed6\u6cd5\u6d3e\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u61c9\u89c0\u81ea\u5fc3\uff0c\u6368\u5982\u662f\u57f7\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u25ce \u82e5\u5ff5\u552f\u6b64\u5373\u5b8c\u8db3\u8036\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c \u5341\u516d \u5377 A \u9762 \u4e0a\u65e5\u4e0b\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b \uff08\u624b\u6284\u641e \u7b2c\u4e8c\u518a p251\uff09 \u5177\u4e0a\u9762\u9019\u500b\u4e09\u6a23\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5c31\u582a\u70ba\u805e\u5668\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f1f\u5b50\u3002 p. 28 (3) \u3010\u82e5\u5177\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5247\u65bc\u6cd5\u5e2b\u6240\u6709\u773e\u5fb7\uff0c\u898b\u70ba\u529f\u5fb7\u4e0d\u898b\u904e\u5931\u3002\u7336\u975e\u6b62\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u65bc\u807d\u773e\u6240\u6709\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u65bc\u5f7c\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\uff0c\u898b\u70ba\u529f\u5fb7\u975e\u70ba\u898b\u904e\u5931\u3002\u3011 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(p253) \u695a\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0d\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5177\u8db3\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u5225\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff01 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\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u770b\u7684\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u65e5\u5df4\u5c0a\u8005\u50b3\u300b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5509\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u4f5c\u98a8\u554a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u9593\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u6b98\u5fcd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u5728\u4f5b\u9580\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u5440\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d (p254) \u5fc5\u8aaa\u7fa8\u6155\u4ed6\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u78b0\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d7\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60\u53bb\u597d\u597d\u5730\u770b\u770b\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u53d7\u5f97\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\u8981\u5177\u8db3\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f \u3010\u82e5\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5177\u5982\u662f\u5668\u76f8\uff0c\u8aaa\u6cd5\u77e5\u8b58\u96d6\u6975\u904d\u6de8\uff0c\u7136\u7531\u805e\u8005\u904e\u589e\u4e0a\u6545\uff0c\u57f7\u70ba\u6709\u904e\u3002\u65bc\u8aaa\u8005\u904e\uff0c\u53cd\u57f7\u70ba\u5fb7\u3002\u3011 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(p259) \u6b38\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u8b19\u865b\u5012\u662f\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4e5f\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5509\uff01\u6211\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u6df7\u3002\u300d\u4ec1\u6cd5\u5e2b\u5c31\u8ddf\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6b38\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b1b\u9019\u500b\u8a71\uff01\u300d\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u6eff\u8b19\u865b\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u54ea\u6015\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5b57\u7528\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u88e1\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002 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