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\u4e0a<\/sup>\u65e5\u4e0b<\/sup>\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b<\/p>\n

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p. 23 (8)<\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6559\u6388\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6388\u5f9e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f86\u7684\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u9020\u8005\u9019\u9ebc\u6a23\u5730\u6b8a\u52dd\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u9020\u7684\u6cd5\u7576\u4e2d\u9020\u9019\u6a23\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u6cd5\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5713\u6eff\u6cd5\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u8b1b\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u53bb\u807d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u554a\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u8ae6\u807d\u3001\u8ae6\u807d\uff0c\u5584\u601d\u5ff5\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u4f5b\u9640\u5c31\u958b\u53e3\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u4e5f\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7b2c\u56db\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u4ee5\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u5b78\u5f92\u6b21\u7b2c\u5206\u4e8c\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

(p185) \u90a3\u500b\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u4f86\u8aaa\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u8981\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7cbe\u8981\u5f15\u5c0e\u5b78\u5f92\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u5206\u6210\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2460 \u9053\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u89aa\u8fd1\u77e5\u8b58\u8ecc\u7406\u3002\u2461 \u65e2\u89aa\u8fd1\u5df2\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u5fc3\u6b21\u7b2c\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u958b\u982d\u8aaa\u904e\u4e86\uff0c\u807d\u805e\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5206\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u767e\u52a0\u4e00\u767e\u7b49\u65bc\u4e00\u767e\u3002\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u767e\u2014\u2014\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7db1\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5b50\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u89aa\u8fd1\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u7fd2\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u521d\u4e2d\u5206\u4e8c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u90a3\u500b\u5206\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2460 \u4ee4\u767c\u5b9a\u89e3\u6545\u7a0d\u958b\u5ba3\u8aaa\uff0c\u2461 \u7e3d\u7565\u5ba3\u8aaa\u4fee\u6301\u8ecc\u7406\u3002\u4eca\u521d\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u554a\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u4e5f\u627c\u8981\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u78ba (p186) \u5be6\u628a\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u4e00\u6307\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u6539\u5584\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8ddf\u6cd5\u76f8\u61c9\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300a\u651d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5fc3\u85cf\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u4f4f\u6027\u6578\u53d6\u8da3\uff0c\u61c9\u89aa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

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(p187) \u3010\u53c8\u5982\u9438\u5df4\u6240\u96c6\u300a\u535a\u6735\u74e6\u8a9e\u9304\u300b\u4e2d\u4e91\uff1a\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u500b\u4e0b\u9762\u554a\u7956\u5e2b\u7684\u8a9e\u9304\uff0c\u7956\u5e2b\u8a9e\u9304\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u554a\uff1f\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

p. 24<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300c\u7e3d\u651d\u4e00\u5207\u6559\u6388\u9996\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u6368\u96e2\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b97\u4ef0\u7684\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5b78\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u667a\uff0c\u8981\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u4f9d\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e2\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\uff0e\u5165\u6cd5\u754c\u54c1\u300b\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u5f9e\u2026\u2026\u597d\u50cf\u5f9e\u516d\u5341\u4e03\u5377\u958b\u59cb\u770b\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u5f37\u8abf\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92 (p188) \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u4f5b\u3001\u83e9\u85a9\u3001\u7956\u5e2b\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u8005\u7686\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u4e5f\u9806\u4fbf\u60f3\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u770b\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u554a\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u805a\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5728\u90aa\u5b9a\u805a\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7a2e\u6027\u7684\u773e\u751f\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u5230\u8ce2\u4f4d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f9d\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u699c\u6a23\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u80fd\u4ee4\u5b78\u8005\u76f8\u7e8c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u81f3\u767c\u8d77\u4e00\u5fb7\uff0c\u640d\u6e1b\u4e00\u904e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u6a02\u4e4b\u672c\u6e90\u8005\uff0c\u53a5\u70ba\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5fc3\u7576\u4e2d\u554a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u8655\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u597d\u8655\u518d\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u6700\u8d77\u78bc\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u529f\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96c6\u805a\u529f\u5fb7\uff1b\u5f9e\u6e1b\u904e\u65b9\u9762\u65b7\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u904e\u5931\u2014\u2014\u6700\u8d77\u78bc\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u90fd\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u90fd\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u800c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u6a02\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u9019\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u5730\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\uff01\u6211\u8a18\u5f97\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u982d\u4e0a\u90a3\u500b\u51fa\u5bb6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4f4f\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u540c\u6de8\u862d\u82e5\u3002\u6211\u8ddf\u4ec1\u6cd5\u5e2b\u4f4f\u5728\u9694\u58c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u6709\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5eab\u623f\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u554a\u6211\u5011\u5e7e\u5929\u4e0d\u8b1b\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6bcf\u5929\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u804a\u5929\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u975e\u51fa\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u975e\u51fa\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u662f\u554a\u5f88\u523b\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u6b61\u559c\u3002\u90a3\u807d\u4ed6\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u5927\u5bb6\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 (p189) \u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u95dc\u5728\u5c4b\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u66f4\u662f\u9d09\u96c0\u7121\u8072\uff0c\u6c92\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u561b\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u6b38\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u9694\u58c1\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u96a8\u6642\u96a8\u5730\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u88e1\u5c31\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u554a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5167\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9762\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff1a\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u500b\u9760\u5c71\uff1b\u7576\u4f60\u4e82\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u4fdd\u5f97\u4f60\u50cf\u5169\u500b\u773c\u775b\u77aa\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6536\u651d\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u4f55\u6cc1\u770b\u898b\u4ed6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff01\u5e73\u5e38\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7576\u4e2d\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u5fc3\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5c64\u5c64\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u554a\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u91cd\u8981\uff01<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6545\u65bc\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e2b\u8ecc\u7406\uff0c\u6975\u70ba\u7dca\u8981\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u554a\uff0c\u300c\u4f9d\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u54e6\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff01\u9019\u500b\u300c\u4f9d\u300d\u5b57\u662f\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u554f\u54e6\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8001\u5e2b\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u61c2\u4e0d\u61c2\u4f9d\u5e2b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u4f9d\u4ed6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u500b\u5b78\u554f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8ecc\u5247\u3001\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u7d55\u7aef\u5730\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7d55\u7aef\u5730\u91cd\u8981\uff01\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u5230\u8655\u554a\u5929\u4e0b\u70cf\u9d09\u4e00\u822c\u9ed1\uff01\u90a3\u662f\u51e1\u592b\u554a\uff01\u6c92\u932f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9ed1\u7684\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u50cf\u592a\u967d\u9019\u9ebc\u5149\u660e\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u773c\u775b\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u4f60\u6709\u9019\u500b\u672c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u4f9d\u5e2b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

(p190) \u3010\u300a\u83e9\u85a9\u85cf\u7d93\u300b\u4f5c\u5982\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u7372\u5f97\u83e9\u85a9\u4e00\u5207\u8af8\u884c\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u662f\u7e3d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u884c\uff0c\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u662f\u4f5b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5982\u662f\u7372\u5f97\u5713\u6eff\u4e00\u5207\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\uff0c\u5730\u5fcd\u7b49\u6301\uff0c\u795e\u901a\u7e3d\u6301\uff0c\u8faf\u624d\u56de\u5411\uff0c\u9858\u53ca\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7686\u8cf4\u5c0a\u91cd\u70ba\u672c\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u2014\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u516d\u5ea6\uff0c\u5730\u3001\u5fcd\u3001\u7b49\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\u7d30\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u90fd\u9760\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u300c\u5c0a\u91cd\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5f9e\u5c0a\u91cd\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u70ba\u751f\u53ca\u70ba\u5176\u8655\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u9577\uff0c\u4f9d\u65bc\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u70ba\u56e0\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u5207\u6642\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u8457\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u4e0a\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u535a\u6735\u74e6\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0b\u9762\u53c8\u5f15\u90a3\u500b\u535a\u6735\u74e6\u7684\u7956\u5e2b\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300c\u4fee\u89e3\u812b\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u7dca\u8981\u904e\u65bc\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u60f3\u4fee\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u9019\u500b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n

(p191) \u3010\u5373\u89c0\u73fe\u4e16\u53ef\u770b\u4ed6\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u82e5\u7121\u6559\u8005\u4ea6\u4e14\u7121\u6210\uff0c\u6cc1\u662f\u7121\u9593\u5f9e\u60e1\u8da3\u4f86\uff0c\u6b32\u5f80\u5f9e\u6240\u672a\u7d93\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u8c48\u80fd\u7121\u5e2b\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u770b\u773c\u524d\u4e16\u9593\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u6bd4\u8d77\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u65b9\u4fbf\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u5225\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff01\u6c92\u4eba\u6559\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6559\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\uff01\u4e16\u9593\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5225\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u96e3\u3001\u9019\u9ebc\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8aaa\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u51fa\u4e16\u9593\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7fd2\u6163\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7121\u9593\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5f9e\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u6cd5\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u8dd1\u5f97\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u4f5b\u3001\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62ff\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6559\u4f60\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\u8036\uff01<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u554a\uff1f\u7121\u9593\u5f9e\u60e1\u9053\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u525b\u525b\u5f9e\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\u4f86\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u60e1\u9053\u7684\u7fd2\u6c23\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5584\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u800c\u8981\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5462\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u53bb\u904e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5730\u964c\u751f\uff01\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u8001\u5e2b\u800c\u505a\u5f97\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u8001\u5e2b\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u554a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u53cd\u8986\u601d\u60df\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u9019\u500b\u8166\u7b4b\u88e1\u9762\u751f\u8d77\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u91cf\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u6703\u91cd\u8996\u53bb\u627e\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u751f\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u60f3\u53bb\u8981\u53bb\u627e\u5584\u77e5 (p192) \u8b58\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u9677\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u884c\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u884c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u554a\u9019\u500b\u7169\u60f1\u4e0d\u662f\u7169\u7169\u60f1\u60f1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u5152\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u6eff\u597d\u554a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u65e5\u5b50\u904e\u5f97\u5f88\u6109\u5feb\u554a\uff01\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60f0\u6027\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u54e6\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u9019\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u554a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7531\u662f\u89aa\u8fd1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u7406\u5206\u516d\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u628a\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u4f86\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2460 \u6240\u4f9d\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u76f8\u3011<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4ed6\u5177\u8db3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2461 \u80fd\u4f9d\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u76f8\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u2462 \u5f7c\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u5e2b\u4e4b\u7406\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7136\u5f8c\u53bb\u4f9d\u6b62\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u500b\u4f9d\u6b62\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b62\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

(p193) \u3010\u2463 \u4f9d\u6b62\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u2464 \u672a\u4f9d\u904e\u60a3\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u5927\u7684\u5bb3\u8655\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u651d\u5f7c\u7b49\u7fa9\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff0c\u7e3d\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u9762\u4e94\u9805\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u88dc\u4e00\u88dc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7b2c\u516d\u500b\u300c\u651d\u5f7c\u7b49\u7fa9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4eca\u521d\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u884c\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7e3d\u8af8\u81f3\u8a00\u53ca\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u5404\u5404\u4e58\u589e\u4e0a\u529b\u6545\uff0c\u96d6\u8aaa\u591a\u7a2e\uff0c\u7136\u65bc\u6b64\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u662f\u65bc\u4e09\u58eb\u6240\u6709\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u6f38\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u6b21\u80fd\u5c0e\u5165\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u9053\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u6574\u500b\u7684\u8056\u6559\uff0c\u4f5b\u7684\u7d93\u4ee5\u53ca\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u8ad6\u7b49\u7b49\u89e3\u91cb\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u6574\u500b\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u96d6\u7136\u8aaa\u554a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300c\u7531\u5404\u5404\u4e58\u300d\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8aaa\u6709\u4eba\u5929\u3001\u8072\u805e\u3001\u7de3\u89ba\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u5c0d\u4e09\u58eb\u9053\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5929\u4e58\u3001\u8072\u7de3\u4e58\u53ca\u83e9\u85a9\u4e58\u80fd\u5920\u6f38\u6f38\u5730\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u5f8c\u5462\u628a\u4ed6\u5f15\u5230\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u9053\uff0c\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u7279\u5225\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u628a\u4f60\u5f15\u5230\u4f5b\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u554a\u4ed6\u5c31 (p194) \u4e0d\u68c4\u6368\u524d\u9762\u4eba\u5929\u4e58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u5f15\u4e00\u5207\u773e\u751f\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u985e\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u5f15\u4eba\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5462\u518d\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u8072\u805e\u7de3\u89ba\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u5168\u90e8\u5305\u542b\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u3002\u7e3d\u5171\u7684\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u537b\u6709\u6700\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u5f97\u529b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u4f60\u4e0a\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u9019\u500b\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u5165\u4f5b\u9053\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u53bb\u770b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5b83\u9019\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u7684\u7cbe\u7fa9\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u8aaa\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5f15\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u628a\u4ed6\u5e36\u5230\u4f5b\u5730\u3002\u300d\u558f\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u6240\u5728\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5f15\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5982\u7d93\u300a\u838a\u56b4\u8ad6\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5f15\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u8abf\u4f0f\u975c\u8fd1\u975c\uff0c\u5fb7\u589e\u5177\u52e4\u6559\u5bcc\u9952\u3001\u5584\u9054\u5be6\u6027\u5177\u5de7\u8aaa\uff0c\u60b2\u9ad4\u96e2\u53ad\u61c9\u4f9d\u6b62\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u8981\u5177\u8db3\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5341\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u8abf\u4f0f\u3001\u975c\u3001\u8fd1\u975c\u3001\u5fb7\u589e\u3001\u5177\u52e4\u3001\u6559\u5bcc\u9952\u3001\u5584\u9054\u5be6\u6027\u3001\u5177\u5de7\u8aaa\u3001\u60b2\u9ad4\u3001\u96e2\u53ad\uff0c\u9019\u5341\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53bb\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u662f\u8aaa\u5b78\u4eba\uff0c\u9808\u4f9d\u6210\u5c31\u5341\u6cd5\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u554a\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u6210\u5341\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

(p195) \u3010\u6b64\u5fa9\u8aaa\u70ba\u81ea\u672a\u8abf\u4f0f\uff0c\u800c\u8abf\u4f0f\u4ed6\uff0c\u7121\u6709\u662f\u8655\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9019\u88e1\u518d\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u8abf\u4f0f\u80fd\u5920\u8abf\u4f0f\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7d55\u7121\u662f\u8655\uff0c\u7d55\u7121\u662f\u8655\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u554a\uff0c\u9078\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4f5c\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9078\u5225\u4eba\u56fa\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u5225\u4eba\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u8abf\u4f0f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6545\u5176\u5c0a\u91cd\u80fd\u8abf\u4f0f\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u9808\u5148\u8abf\u4f0f\u81ea\u985e\u76f8\u7e8c\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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