{"id":307,"date":"2014-01-23T18:07:30","date_gmt":"2014-01-23T18:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/%e4%bd%9b%e5%ad%b8%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/%e5%bb%a3%e8%ab%96%e4%b8%80\/gl1-11a\/"},"modified":"2014-01-23T18:09:04","modified_gmt":"2014-01-23T18:09:04","slug":"gl1-11a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/2014\/01\/23\/gl1-11a\/","title":{"rendered":"GL1-11a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c \u5341\u4e00 \u5377 A\u9762<\/h1>\n

\u4e0a<\/sup>\u65e5\u4e0b<\/sup>\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b<\/p>\n

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p. 17 (12)<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u65bc\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5e2b\u4f4f\u5982\u91ab\u60f3\u8005\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u75c5\uff0c\u75c5\u53bb\u6c42\u91ab\uff0c\u800c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u91ab\u751f\u554a\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u597d\u6b61\u559c\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u597d\u554a\uff01\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddf\u8457\u4ed6\u6240\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u606d\u656c\u627f\u4e8b\u7167\u9053\u7406\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u3002\u54ea\u6015 (p76) \u5c0f\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u4e0b\u6cbb\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\uff0c\u518d\u9060\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u6bdb\u75c5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u60dc\u5343\u91cc\u842c\u91cc\u5730\u53bb\u627e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u8981\u6559\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u5f97\u75c5\uff0c\u4f60\u66c9\u5f97\u4e86\u75c5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u62fc\u547d\u53bb\u627e\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u627e\u8ab0\u5462\uff1f\u627e\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5982\u662f\u65bc\u5ba3\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\uff0c\u4ea6\u61c9\u5982\u662f\u5c0b\u6c42\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u6709\u75c5\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u8ddf\u8457\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65e2\u6703\u9047\u5df2\uff0c\u83ab\u89ba\u5982\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u500b\u64d4\u5b50\u5594\uff01<\/p>\n

\u3010\u61c9\u6301\u70ba\u838a\u56b4\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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p. 18<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u606d\u656c\u627f\u4e8b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7167\u8457\u4ed6\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u4f9d\u6211\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5118\u7ba1\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u2014\u4ed6\u8b1b\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u807d\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u83ab\u5948\u4f55\u6211\u3002\u5509\uff01\u9019\u500b\u9084\u7b97\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7d66\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5634\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6eff\u597d\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u606d\u656c\u53bb\u627f\u4e8b\u4ed6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5<\/p>\n

\u3010\u300a\u651d\u5fb7\u5bf6\u300b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u662f\u8aaa\u6545\uff1a\u300c\u6545\u8af8\u52c7\u6c42\u52dd\u83e9\u63d0\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u5b9a\u61c9\u6467\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u5982\u8af8\u75c5\u4eba\u89aa\u91ab\u6cbb\uff0c\u89aa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u7121\u61c8\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8aaa\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u52c7\u6c42\u300d\u3002\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b (p79) \u6cd5\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u5169\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u78ba\u96e3\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u904e\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u770b\u898b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u89ba\u5f97\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u7406\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u662f\u554a\uff01\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u5fc5\u7136\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u554a\uff1f\u773c\u775b\u5c08\u9580\u770b\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u51fa\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u5c0f\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u9053\u7406\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u561b\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5a11\u5a46\u7684\u60e1\u4e16\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u51fa\u5927\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u904d\u5730\u76dc\u8cca\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u773c\u775b\u77aa\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5077\u628a\u4f60\u6771\u897f\u62ff\u8d70\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u76dc\u4f86\u628a\u4f60\u6771\u897f\u6436\u8d70\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6771\u5f35\u897f\u671b\u554a\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e00\u671b\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u807d\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u932f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4f60\u8aaa\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u6c92\u6709\uff1f\u9084\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u601d\u76f8\u61c9\u6167\u7522\u751f\u8d77\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u8b1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u5462\uff0c\u8981\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u76f8\u61c9\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7cbe\u9032\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u539f\u5730\u8e0f\u6b65\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u9580\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u5230\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u771f\u6b63\u6c42\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u662f\u52c7\u608d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52c7\u608d\uff01\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\u90a3\u500b\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u4f86\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u52d5\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u4e45\u5df2\u4ef0\u671b\u6211\u5011\u9019\u8001\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u4f86\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u932f\u3002\u6211\u90a3\u5929\u8dd1\u5230\u91ab\u9662\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u623f\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u660f\u8ff7\u4e0d\u7701\u554a\uff0c\u5f35\u958b\u4e86\u5634\u5df4\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u5ff5\uff0c\u807d\u807d\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5ff5\u5ff5\u8b9a\u4f5b\u5048\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ff5\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ff5 (p80) \u9019\u500b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u8166\u7b4b\u4e00\u76f4\u9019\u500b\u3002\u56de\u4f86\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u8001\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4f60\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u4f11\u606f\u554a\uff01\u6b38\uff01\u4ed6\u65e9\u6668\u4e00\u807d\u898b\u9019\u500b\u9234\u8072\uff0c\u7761\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u4e0a\u65e9\u6bbf\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u300c\u5509\uff01\u9019\u500b\u65e9\u6bbf\u5be6\u5728\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u6416\u4e86\u9234\u4e86\u518d\u7761\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u65e9\u8d77\u4f86\uff01\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5be6\u5728\u662f\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u505a\u4e00\u9ede\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u59d4\u5c48\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u7e3d\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u71df\u990a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5920\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u65e9\u4e00\u9ede\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u8dd1\u5f97\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u7a7a\u6c23\u53c8\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u5728\u60f3\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff01\u9019\u662f\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u54ea\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5440\uff01<\/p>\n

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(p81) \u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u7e3d\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u5f88\u96e3\u54ea\uff01\u54ce\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u4fee\u884c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u55ef\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u807d\u4e86\u8a71\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u554a\uff1f\u90a3\u6211\u99ac\u4e0a\u7406\u8def\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u5b78\u958b\u6c7d\u8eca\uff0c\u8aaa\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5230\u8655\u6709\uff1b\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6c7d\u8eca\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u55ce\uff1f\u6709\u4e86\u6c7d\u8eca\uff0c\u6c92\u99ac\u8def\u884c\u55ce\uff1f\u6709\u4e86\u99ac\u8def\uff0c\u6c92\u6c7d\u6cb9\u884c\u55ce\uff1f\u6709\u4e86\u6c7d\u6cb9\uff0c\u6c92\u4eba\u6559\u4f60\u884c\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60\u9084\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u54ea\uff0c\u9a0e\u500b\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u6b38\uff01\u53ef\u662f\u4fee\u884c\u554a\uff0c\u563f\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u2026\u2026\u8166\u7b4b\u58de\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u884c\uff01\u8166\u7b4b\u58de\u4e86\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u8166\u7b4b\u597d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u662f\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u54ea\u4e00\u6a23\u4e8b\u60c5\u6bd4\u4fee\u884c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u4e0d\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u505a\u5225\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u4f60\u5fd9\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u7e3d\u8981\u4f11\u606f\u5427\uff01\u6b38\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u7761\u89ba\u4f60\u4e5f\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u505a\u5225\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u5403\u98ef\u6642\u7e3d\u8981\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u5427\uff01\u5b83\u5403\u98ef\u4e5f\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u6de8\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u7a4d\u805a\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u9019\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\u5594\uff01<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\uff1f\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u54ea\uff01\u6c92\u6709\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6467\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u807d\u805e\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u7406\u601d\u60df\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u56db\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5206\u6bb5\u5594\uff01\u4f60\u4efb\u4f55\u56db\u500b\u7576\u4e2d\u8d70\u5230\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6c42\uff0c\u771f\u96e3\u7684\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u6c42\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u771f\u96e3\u7684\u662f\u6467\u4f0f\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u9019\u500b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002\u6de8\u571f\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u5f8c\u518d\u8b1b\u3002<\/p>\n

(p82) \u300c\u5982\u8af8\u75c5\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u50cf\u75c5\u4eba\u89aa\u8fd1\u90a3\u500b\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u54ea\uff0c\u563f\u3001\u563f\uff01\u9047\u898b\u300c\u89aa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u8981\u61c8\u6020\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u9ede\u61c8\u6020\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u7279\u5225\u793a\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6240\u4ee5\u5584\u8ca1\u7576\u4e2d\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u96e3\u54ea\uff0c\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u4e00\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u554a\uff01\u554f\u984c\u5728\u4f60\u5982\u7406\u4e0d\u5982\u7406\u554a\uff01\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u90a3\u9ebc\u96e3\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u9019\u9ebc\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u561b\uff01\u554f\u984c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u518d\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f60\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u6cd5\u2014\u672c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u66c9\u5f97\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u3001\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u8da3\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u901a\u65bc\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u90a3\u5929\u63d0\u4e86\u500b\u982d\uff0c\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u9806\u4fbf\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6b38\uff01\u600e\u9ebc\u662f\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u660e\u660e\u8b1b\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u8f49\u4e86\u500b\u534a\u5929\u3002\u6b38\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u88e1\u908a\u90a3\u662f\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u96a8\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u5662\uff01\u5927\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u56de\u5473\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u66c9\u5f97\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u7684\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u61c2\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\u4e00\u958b\u982d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6388\u8a18\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u805e\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u3001\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u51e1\u592b\uff0c\u300c\u5c0f\u4f4e\u982d\uff0c\u4e00\u5408\u638c\uff0c\u7686\u5df2\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u3002\u300d\u6388\u8a18\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u9060\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u8da3\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u5bf6\u5982\u4f86\u90a3\u500b\u5854\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u8eab (p83) \u91cb\u8fe6\u5982\u4f86\u7684\u8207\u6b32\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5bf6\u5854\u7684\u9580\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u89ba\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\uff0c\u8ddf\u9019\u500b\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\u5566\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u53bb\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b38\uff01\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u91cb\u8fe6\u5982\u4f86\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff1f\u300c\u6162\u6162\u5730\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\uff0c\u4f60\u5148\u4e0d\u8981\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9762\u5f18\u63da\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u300d\u8aaa\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6587\u6b8a\u5e2b\u5229\u83e9\u85a9\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\uff1f\u5f9e\u9f8d\u5bae\u3002\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u8aaa\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u4ed6\u5728\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u554a\u5440\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u6211\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u9f8d\u5bae\u7576\u4e2d\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u6b38\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u8aaa\u7684\u6548\u679c\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u554a\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u4f60\u770b\uff01\u300d\u7d50\u679c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u9f8d\u5973\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u516b\u6b72\u6210\u4f5b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u66c9\u5f97\u5427\uff1f\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u9762\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6587\u6b8a\u5e2b\u5229\u83e9\u85a9\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u9f8d\u5bae\uff0c\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u8da3\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u2014\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u958b\u793a\u609f\u5165\u4f5b\u4e4b\u77e5\u898b\u300d\u3002\u4f5b\u628a\u4ed6\u7121\u91cf\u7121\u908a\u8b49\u5f97\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u76e4\u6258\u51fa\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u773e\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6559\u4f60\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u8da3\u2014\u6240\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6210\u4f5b\u7684\u9019\u500b\u3002\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5728\u9f8d\u5bae\u88e1\u9762\u8b1b\u9019\u4e9b\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u770b\uff01\u300d\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9f8d\u5973\u5979\u807d\u4e86\u767c\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\uff0c\u7576\u4e0b\u6210\u4f5b\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5f9e\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u8457\u773c\uff0c\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5713\u6559\u53ef\u8cb4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u55ae\u55ae\u5713\u6559\u5594\uff01\u901a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5207\u773e\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

(p84) \u9019\u88e1\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\uff1a\u5999\u54a7\uff01\u5c31\u662f\u4f5b\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8f49\u4e86\u500b\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8aaa\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5b\uff0c\u662f\u83e9\u85a9\u8b1b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9f8d\u5bae\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b1b\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u5c31\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u3002\u4f60\u5011\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u7591\u554f\u54ea\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5594\uff01\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u662f\u6700\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5b\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u8036\uff01\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3008\u4e16\u4e3b\u5999\u56b4\u54c1\u3009\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u62ff\u6211\u5011\u4e16\u9593\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u3001\u795e\u738b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u5728\u8aaa\u3002\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u795e\u3001\u5929\u795e\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u795e\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u901a\u5230\u83e9\u85a9\u2014\u4f5b\u6c92\u6709\u8b1b\uff01\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u53c3\uff0c\u53c3\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u662f\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5f8c\u982d\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u548c\u5c1a\u3002\u7576\u7136\u88e1\u908a\u9084\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u4e18\u8ddf\u6bd4\u4e18\u5c3c\u5440\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f8c\u9762\u90a3\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u795e\u3001\u4e3b\u6797\u795e\u3001\u4e3b\u98a8\u795e\u3001\u4e3b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u554a\uff01\u6b38\uff0c\u5947\u602a\u54a7\uff01\u4f5b\u89aa\u53e3\u8b1b\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7f85\u6f22\uff1b\u7d50\u679c\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4f5b\u6c92\u6709\u8b1b\u554a\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u558f\u3001\u558f\u3001\u558f\uff01\u4f5b\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u8aaa\u4e86\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5440\u591a\u751f\u591a\u52ab\u6559\u4f60\u5011\u54ea\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u807d\u6211\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u96d6\u7136\u96e8\u90a3\u500b\u7518\u9732\u96e8\u4e0b\u4f86\u554a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u3002\u5c0f\u8349\u561b\u5438\u6536\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u9577\u4e00\u68f5\u5c0f\u8349\u3002\u4e2d\u8349\u561b\u5438\u6536\u591a\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9577\u500b\u4e2d\u8349\u3002\u5927\u8349\u561b\u5438\u6536\u591a\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9577\u500b\u5927\u8349\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u6a39\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u554a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u662f\u628a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6cd5\u7d66\u4e86\u4f60 (p85) \u5011\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u5c31\u8f49\u4e86\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u554a\uff01\u300d<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5011\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7528\u55ce\uff1f\u6709\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4ed4\u7d30\u53cd\u7701\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\u4e86\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u807d\u4e86\uff1a\u300c\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff01\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u500b\u51e1\u592b\uff0c\u6559\u6211\u505a\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u554a\uff01\u300d\u90a3\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\u982d\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u5438\u6536\u6211\u90a3\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u5c0f\u8349\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e2d\u8349\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5927\u8349\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u300c\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u606d\u656c\u627f\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u300c\u52c7\u6c42\u300d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\uff01\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u767d\u3002\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u66c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u75c5\u2014\u627e\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u627e\u4e86\u91ab\u751f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u54ea\uff1f\u8981\u5403\u85e5\u5566\uff01\u6240\u4ee5<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u65bc\u6240\u6559\u8aa1\u8d77\u85e5\u54c1\u60f3\u8005\u3002\u5982\u8af8\u75c5\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u5176\u91ab\u5e2b\u6240\u914d\u85e5\u54c1\uff0c\u8d77\u5927\u73cd\u611b\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u91ab\u5e2b\u73fe\u5728\u958b\u7d66\u4f60\u90a3\u85e5\u54c1\u4e86\uff0c\u7167\u8457\u53bb\u597d\u597d\u5730\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65bc\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5e2b\uff0c\u6240\u8aaa\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6559\u8aa1\uff0c\u898b\u91cd\u8981\u5df2\uff0c\u61c9\u591a\u52f5\u529b\uff0c\u73cd\u611b\u57f7\u6301\uff0c\u83ab\u4ee4\u7531\u5176\u5fd8\u5ff5\u7b49\u9580\uff0c\u800c\u81f4\u640d\u58de\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\u5462\uff0c\u8aaa\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u75c5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e86\u75c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u627e\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u627e\u5230\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u91ab\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u838a\u56b4\uff0c\u91ab\u6211\u7684\u75c5\u3002\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9ebb\u7169\u5c31\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u9ebb\u7169\u5c31\u4f86\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u5011\u8dd1\u5230\u54ea\u88e1\u5440\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u6c42\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u3002\u6c42\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u6b63\u4ed8\u4e00\u9ede\u5b78\u8cbb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u6c42\u4e00\u9ede\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e92\u76f8\u9019\u9ebc\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u8aaa\u4e00\u9ede\u4ec0\u9ebc\u807d\u4e0d\u9032\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u4e0d\u670d\u6c23\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u722d\u57f7\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4f5b\u9580\u7576\u4e2d\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u7528\u5834\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u7528\u5834\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5462\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u8aa1\u5c31\u662f\u85e5\u54c1\uff0c\u62ff\u9019\u500b\u85e5\u54c1\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u53bb\u6cbb\u75c5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u770b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u9801\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u884c\u6587\u5b57\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u25ce \u65bc\u6bb7\u91cd\u4fee\u8d77\u7642\u75c5\u60f3\u8005\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u65e2\u6703\u9047\u5df2\uff0c\u83ab\u89ba\u5982\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u3011 \u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u500b\u64d4\u5b50\u5594\uff01 \u3010\u61c9\u6301\u70ba\u838a\u56b4\u3002\u3011 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\u4ed6\u5011\u5403\u90a3\u500b\u8336\u5f88\u7279\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5076\u7136\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u5690\u5690\uff0c\u5473\u9053\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5f04\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u4e0d\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u7956\u5e2b\u5011\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6bd4\u4f60\u5011\u7a0d\u5fae\u597d\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5750\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8ddf\u4f60\u5011\u8b1b\uff0c\u6211\u4f46\u9858\u4f60\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6bd4\u6211\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u606d\u559c\u4f60\u5011\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u554a\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u838a\u56b4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u838a\u56b4\u3002\u7576\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u9019\u500b\u5e2b\u9577\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u8aaa\u73fe\u5728\u8aaa\u4f60\u5e7e\u53e5\u807d\u4e0d\u9032\u554a\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u4f60\u6703\u61ca\u6094\u7684\u554a\uff01\u6211\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5440\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u76f4\u61ca\u6094\u73fe\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u7f75\u4ed6\u5566\uff01\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u624d\u611f\u89ba\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u932f\u3002\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f p. 18 \u3010\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u606d\u656c\u627f\u4e8b\u3002\u3011 \u4f60\u7167\u8457\u4ed6\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u4f9d\u6211\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5118\u7ba1\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u2014\u4ed6\u8b1b\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u807d\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u83ab\u5948\u4f55\u6211\u3002\u5509\uff01\u9019\u500b\u9084\u7b97\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7d66\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5634\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6eff\u597d\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f9d\u6559\u5949\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u606d\u656c\u53bb\u627f\u4e8b\u4ed6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 \u3010\u300a\u651d\u5fb7\u5bf6\u300b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u662f\u8aaa\u6545\uff1a\u300c\u6545\u8af8\u52c7\u6c42\u52dd\u83e9\u63d0\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u5b9a\u61c9\u6467\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u5982\u8af8\u75c5\u4eba\u89aa\u91ab\u6cbb\uff0c\u89aa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u7121\u61c8\u3002\u300d\u3011 \u4e0b\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8aaa\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u52c7\u6c42\u300d\u3002\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b (p79) \u6cd5\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u5169\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u8ac7\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u78ba\u96e3\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u524d\u9762\u8aaa\u904e\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u770b\u898b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u89ba\u5f97\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u7406\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u662f\u554a\uff01\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u5fc5\u7136\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u554a\uff1f\u773c\u775b\u5c08\u9580\u770b\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u51fa\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u5c0f\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u9053\u7406\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u561b\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5a11\u5a46\u7684\u60e1\u4e16\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u51fa\u5927\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u904d\u5730\u76dc\u8cca\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u773c\u775b\u77aa\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5077\u628a\u4f60\u6771\u897f\u62ff\u8d70\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u76dc\u4f86\u628a\u4f60\u6771\u897f\u6436\u8d70\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6771\u5f35\u897f\u671b\u554a\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u4e00\u671b\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u554a\uff0c\u807d\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u932f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4f60\u8aaa\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u6c92\u6709\uff1f\u9084\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u601d\u76f8\u61c9\u6167\u7522\u751f\u8d77\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u8b1b\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u5462\uff0c\u8981\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u61c2\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u76f8\u61c9\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7cbe\u9032\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u539f\u5730\u8e0f\u6b65\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u9580\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u5230\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u771f\u6b63\u6c42\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u662f\u52c7\u608d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52c7\u608d\uff01\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\u90a3\u500b\u5927\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u4f86\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u52d5\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u4e45\u5df2\u4ef0\u671b\u6211\u5011\u9019\u8001\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u4f86\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u932f\u3002\u6211\u90a3\u5929\u8dd1\u5230\u91ab\u9662\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u623f\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u660f\u8ff7\u4e0d\u7701\u554a\uff0c\u5f35\u958b\u4e86\u5634\u5df4\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u5ff5\uff0c\u807d\u807d\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5ff5\u5ff5\u8b9a\u4f5b\u5048\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ff5\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5ff5 (p80) 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\u9019\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u300c\u667a\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5b78\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3001\u96e3\u514b\u670d\u7684\u2014\u6467\u6211\u6162\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6211\u6162\u5012\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u5c0d\u3001\u4f60\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u8655\u8655\u5730\u65b9\u4f60\u4ee5\u6211\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u60c5\u969c\u7919\u8457\u4f60\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u6162\u76f8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u5b83\u53eb\u300c\u6211\u898b\u3001\u6211\u6162\u3001\u6211\u611b\u3001\u6211\u7661\u300d\uff0c\u898b\u89e3\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u611b\u3001\u6211\u7661\uff0c\u4f60\u4fdd\u8b77\u8457\u6211\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5440\uff01\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5f04\u9019\u500b\uff01\u5c31\u9019\u7a2e\u6211\u611b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7121\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7661\u76f8\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u5fb9\u5e95\u8981\u6383\u9664\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6383\u9664\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u54ea\uff1f\u6211\u61c2\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u4e0b\u591a\u5c11\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u96a8\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6b38\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u62ff\u6389\u5b83\uff01\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u62ff\u6389\u5e7e\u5206\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8ddf\u6cd5\u76f8\u61c9\u5e7e\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u679c\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u6162\u6162\u5730\u4f86\u4e86\u3002 (p81) 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\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\uff1f\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u54ea\uff01\u6c92\u6709\u7cbe\u9032\u884c\u554a\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6467\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u807d\u805e\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u7406\u601d\u60df\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u56db\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5206\u6bb5\u5594\uff01\u4f60\u4efb\u4f55\u56db\u500b\u7576\u4e2d\u8d70\u5230\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6c42\uff0c\u771f\u96e3\u7684\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u6c42\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u771f\u96e3\u7684\u662f\u6467\u4f0f\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u9019\u500b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002\u6de8\u571f\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u5f8c\u518d\u8b1b\u3002 (p82) \u300c\u5982\u8af8\u75c5\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u50cf\u75c5\u4eba\u89aa\u8fd1\u90a3\u500b\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u54ea\uff0c\u563f\u3001\u563f\uff01\u9047\u898b\u300c\u89aa\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u8981\u61c8\u6020\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u89aa\u8fd1\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u9ede\u61c8\u6020\u3002\u9019\u500b\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u7279\u5225\u793a\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6240\u4ee5\u5584\u8ca1\u7576\u4e2d\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u96e3\u54ea\uff0c\u5343\u771f\u842c\u78ba\u4e00\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u554a\uff01\u554f\u984c\u5728\u4f60\u5982\u7406\u4e0d\u5982\u7406\u554a\uff01\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u90a3\u9ebc\u96e3\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u9019\u9ebc\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5225\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e00\u751f\u53d6\u8fa6\u561b\uff01\u554f\u984c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002 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