{"id":279,"date":"2014-01-22T23:54:04","date_gmt":"2014-01-22T23:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/?page_id=279"},"modified":"2014-01-22T23:54:04","modified_gmt":"2014-01-22T23:54:04","slug":"gl1-07b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/2014\/01\/22\/gl1-07b\/","title":{"rendered":"GL1-07b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c\u4e03\u5377 B\u9762<\/h1>\n

\u4e0a<\/sup>\u65e5\u4e0b<\/sup>\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b<\/p>\n

\n

\uff08\u624b\u6284\u641e \u7b2c\u4e00\u518a p13\uff09<\/p>\n

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p. 11 (11)<\/span><\/p>\n

(p214) <\/span>\u3010\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6566\u5df4\u4ec1\u6ce2\u537f\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u80fd\u77e5\u4ee5\u56db\u65b9\u9053\uff0c\u651d\u6301\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u6211\u5e2b\u9577\u3002\u300d\u6b64\u8a9e\u5373\u662f\u6975\u5927\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u8655\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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(p215) <\/span>\u3010\u7531\u6b64\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6559\u6388\u80fd\u651d\u7d93\u5492\u4e00\u5207\u627c\u8981\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u4e2d\u800c\u6b63\u5f15\u5c0e\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u5177\u8db3\u901a\u9054\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\u7121\u9055\u6b8a\u52dd\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u9806\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6848\u4f86\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6848\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5728\u300a\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u5728\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u51fa\u5728\u300a\u897f\u57df\u50b3\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e5f (p216) <\/span>\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u6211\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u770b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5370\u8c61\u4e0d\u6df1\uff0c\u6211\u9f13\u52f5\u4f60\u5011\u540c\u5b78\u9019\u7a2e\u66f8\u8981\u591a\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u5982\u679c\u770b\u898b\u7684\u6642\u5019\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u516c\u6848\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u5927\u4e58\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u83e9\u85a9\u2014\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u5b78\u5c0f\u4e58\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5927\u4e58\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u54e5\u54e5\u7121\u8457\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u63a5\u5f15\uff0c\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u5272\u820c\u982d\u3002\u4ed6\u54e5\u54e5\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5272\u820c\u982d\u6c92\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u820c\u982d\u5272\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u8b6d\u8b17\u7684\u7f6a\u9084\u5728\uff1b\u4ee5\u524d\u4f60\u62ff\u820c\u982d\u53bb\u8b6d\u8b17\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u7528\u820c\u982d\u4f86\u8b9a\u63da\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u529f\u904e\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u92b7\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u92b7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u627a\u92b7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f6a\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u9577\u7121\u908a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u561b\uff01\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c31\u8b9a\u63da\u90a3\u500b\u5927\u4e58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e16\u89aa\u8ad6\u5e2b\u300c\u5343\u90e8\u8ad6\u4e3b\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u771f\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6cd5\u6700\u76db\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u76db\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5317\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8fe6\u6fd5\u5f4c\u7f85\uff0c\u8fe6\u6fd5\u5f4c\u7f85\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u8fe6\u6fd5\u5f4c\u7f85\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u773e\u8ce2\u8ad6\u5e2b\uff0c\u773e\u8ce2\u8ad6\u5e2b\u770b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u5c31\u7834\u4ed6\uff0c\u7834\u4ed6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u6700\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u4ed6\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u76f8\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u907f\u958b\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002\u907f\u958b\u4ed6\u4e86\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u4f60\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff01\u300d\uff08\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\u5566\uff01\uff09\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u67d0\u4eba\u54ea\uff0c\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u907f\u958b\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u5f1f\u5b50\u4e5f\u89ba\u5f97\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u5f88\u4e0d\u670d\u6c23\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u9019\u9ebc\u8dd1\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u300d\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u300d\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u5440\uff01\u50cf\u9019\u500b\u87a2\u706b\u87f2\u8ddf\u90a3\u500b\u592a\u967d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8acd\u8ad6\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u592a\u967d\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u8ddf\u90a3\u500b\u87a2\u706b\u87f2\u722d\u5149\u69ae\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u53bb\u597d (p217) <\/span>\u4e86\uff01\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u59cb\u7d42\u907f\u958b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u773e\u8ce2\u8ad6\u5e2b\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8faf\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ed6\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u6bc0\u8b17\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e03\u7ac5\u6d41\u8840\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u820c\u982d\u5410\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u6536\u4e0d\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5410\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u66f8\u4e0a\u9762\u5f62\u5bb9\u53eb\u300c\u4e94\u820c\u91cd\u51fa\u300d\u3002\u554a\uff01\u4e00\u76f4\u4f38\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u5011\u4f38\u9084\u4f38\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u5509\u5440\uff0c\u66c9\u5f97\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f (p218) <\/span>\u8b6d\u8b17\u5927\u4e58\u83e9\u85a9\u3001\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u5f8c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u81e8\u6b7b\u4e4b\u524d\u5beb\u4e86\u5e7e\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u90a3\u500b\u5927\u4e58\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9019\u500b\u7406\u6df1\u800c\u900f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u592a\u611a\u6627\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u6bc0\u8b17\u9019\u500b\u5927\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bc0\u8b17\u5927\u4e58\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u61fa\u6094\uff01\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u5beb\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u61fa\u6094\u66f8\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u5f8c\u4e4b\u4f86\u8005\uff1a\u4f60\u5011\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u5b78\u6211\u9019\u6a23\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u88c2\u958b\uff0c\u8eab\u9677\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7f85\u6f22\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u770b\u54ea\uff0c\u5606\u606f\uff1a\u300c\u5509\uff01\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u771f\u53ef\u6190\u54ea\uff0c\u751f\u8eab\u9677\u5165\u963f\u9f3b\u5730\u7344\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6bb5\u516c\u6848\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u7384\u5958\u5927\u5e2b\u53bb\u7684\u6642\u5019\u9084\u770b\u898b\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u70ba\u4e86\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5854\u64fa\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5b78\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e0d\u72af\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u5594\uff01\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u6703\u8d70\u4e0a\u9019\u689d\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u6703\u8d70\u4e0a\u9019\u689d\u8def\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u5c0f\u4e58\u800c\u6bc0\u8b17\u5927\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ee5\u5927\u4e58\u4eba\u6bc0\u8b17\u5c0f\u4e58\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u6211\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u6cd5\u9580\u5426\u5b9a\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u9084\u662f\u8b17\u6cd5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8b17\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\uff1a\u4f60\u5b78\u5927\u4e58\u6cd5\u9580\u4f60\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u969c\u7919\u5927\uff0c\u9084\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u5b78\u6b6a\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u8b17\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u5982\u679c\u5b78\u5c0f\u4e58\u6cd5\u9580\u9019\u6a23\u8b17\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u9019\u9ebc\u53ef\u6015\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6211\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u7279\u5225\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c31\u773c\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5927 (p219) <\/span>\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5167\u5bb9\u5df2\u7d93\u6162\u6162\u5728\u6e6e\u6c92\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u5982\u7406\u5b8c\u6574\u4e86\u89e3\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u8aaa\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9cf3\u6bdb\u9e9f\u89d2\u3002\u6709\u7684\uff01\u6709\u7684\u5594\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u3001\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6559\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u884c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u6212\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6212\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u554a\uff0c\u90a3\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff01\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5317\u50b3\u90a3\u500b\u6212\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u771f\u662f\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\u3002\u5317\u50b3\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u54e6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u570b\u4f86\u8aaa\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u5357\u50b3\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u6211\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4ef0\u6155\uff0c\u7e3d\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u501f\u4ed6\u5c71\u4e4b\u77f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u932f\uff0c\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u6211\u5011\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u6b38\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\uff01\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u524d\u9047\u898b\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u807d\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7531\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6cd5\u5e2b\u53bb\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u5f88\u591a\u83ef\u50d1\u81ea\u7136\u8ddf\u8457\u4ed6\u5e2b\u7236\u51fa\u5bb6\u3002\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5462\u5317\u50b3\u7684\u4f86\u53d7\u6212\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5462\u5357\u50b3\u53d7\u6212\u3002\u53d7\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6212\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u592a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u56de\u4f86\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u8a71\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5357\u50b3\u7684\u5c31\u6574\u500b\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u5927\u4e58\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7279\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u6709\u5fc3\u5b78\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u5730\u770b\uff01\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u5728\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u300a\u897f\u57df\u50b3\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u4e58\u8b17\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u4e5f\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8b17\u6cd5\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u842c\u842c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u9019\u500b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n

(p220) <\/span>\u3010\u25ce \u4e00\u5207\u8056\u8a00\u73fe\u70ba\u6559\u6388\u8005\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u7db1\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u8aaa\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6cd5\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u8981\u9032\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u9032\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc―\u6309\u7167\u7d93\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6d41\u5f0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u7576\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u6de8\u9664\u9019\u500b\u7f6a\u969c\u3001\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\u3002\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5f88\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u5509\uff0c\u4f5b\u662f\u597d\uff01\u300d\u4f46\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u4fee\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u9580\u800c\u5165\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u9580\u800c\u5165\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f04\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u90a3\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5566\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u597d\u5566\u662f\u62dc\u62dc\u4f5b\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5c31\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u9580\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u56e0\u5c31\u628a\u63e1\u4e0d\u4f4f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7e3d\u4e4b\u80fd\u8fa6\u8af8\u6b32\u89e3\u812b\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u4e45\u9060\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u6a02\u4e4b\u65b9\u4fbf\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u552f\u6709\u52dd\u8005\u81f3\u8a00\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u628a\u90a3\u500b\u7db1\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u8aaa\u5c0d\u65bc\u60f3\u6c42\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u773c\u524d\u7684\u3001\u4e45\u9060\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u773c\u524d\u7684\u3001\u4e45\u9060\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u8aaa\u300c\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u52dd\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5b\u9053\u9577\u9060\u4e0d\u662f\u671d\u5915\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u751f\u5169\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u52ab\u5169\u52ab\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4fee\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7f6a\u969c\u6e1b\u9664\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f37\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u300c\u589e\u4e0a (p221) <\/span>\u751f\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u767b\u5730\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u73fe\u90a3\u500b\u516d\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u738b\u8005\u76f8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u738b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u738b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u770b\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u591a\u9ad8\u50e7\u5927\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u51fa\u4e16\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5bb6\u4e16\u9019\u9ebc\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u800c\u9577\u76f8\u9019\u9ebc\u7f8e\u5999\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u5f88\u65e9\u78b0\u898b\u4f5b\u6cd5\u800c\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u884c\u5440\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5bbf\u751f\u4fee\u884c\uff0c\u4fee\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u2014\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cf\u3001\u8cea\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5411\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u689d\u4ef6\u5920\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4fee\u6301\uff0c\u6bd4\u5f97\u4e0a\u689d\u4ef6\u5dee\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u5019\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u88e1\u5ff5\u66f8\uff0c\u540c\u73ed\u7684\u540c\u5b78\uff0c\u982d\u4e0a\u90a3\u500b\u982d\u4e00\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u982d\u4e0a\u90a3\u500b\u5f80\u5f80\u9ad8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u73ed\uff0c\u8ddf\u7684\u82e6\u60f1\u7121\u6bd4\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e16\u9593\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4e00\u5b9a\u5230\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u5f04\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u5c31\u5728\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u300a\u4e86\u51e1\u56db\u8a13\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4e16\u9593\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u7b56\u52f5\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u300a\u4e86\u51e1\u56db\u8a13\u300b\u5b83\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u5b83\u504f\u91cd\u65bc\u4e16\u9593\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u8acb\u770b\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c0a\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u5927\u5c0a\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u90a3\u6d1b\u5df4\u5c0a\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u554a\u5bb6\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5929\u5206\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e16\u9019\u9ebc\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u5929\u5206\u9019\u9ebc\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u662f\u7121\u6709\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7576\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u6700\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u53eb\u300c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u52dd\u300d\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u9ede\u767e\u842c\u5bcc\u8c6a\uff0c\u5169\u8173\u4e00 (p222) <\/span>\u4f38\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\u54ea\u88e1\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\u58ae\u843d\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u5b83\u70ba\u300c\u4e09\u4e16\u6028\u300d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e16\u6028\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u9019\u500b\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u589e\u4e0a\u3001\u589e\u4e0a\u3001\u589e\u4e0a\uff0c\u589e\u4e0a\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u90a3\u500b\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u52dd\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a71\u600e\u9ebc\u8b1b\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u51e1\u592b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u900f\u812b\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\u6162\u6162\u5730\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5730\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u597d\u3001\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u9032\u5165\u5929\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u9858\u610f\u4e0d\u5230\u5929\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u5728\u4eba\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u5019\u2014\u6210\u4f5b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5713\u6eff\u5831\u8eab\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5831\u571f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u9019\u500b\u589e\u4e0a\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u52dd\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u5c64\u6b21\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u51e1\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u6a02\u300d\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u5229\u6a02\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5229\u6a02\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u78ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5440\uff1f\u300c\u52dd\u8005\u81f3\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u2014\u4f5b\u958b\u793a\uff0c\u4f5b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u958b\u793a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

p. 12<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4ee5\u80fd\u958b\u793a\u4e00\u5207\u53d6\u6368\u8981\u7fa9\uff0c\u76e1\u96e2\u8b2c\u8aa4\u8005\uff0c\u7368\u552f\u4f5b\u6545\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u9ede\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u2014\u4f5b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5982\u662f\u4ea6\u5982\u300a\u76f8\u7e8c\u672c\u6bcd\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u6b64\u4e16\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u5584\u5de7\u65bc\u52dd\u8005\uff0c\u904d\u667a\u6b63\u77e5\u7121\u9918\u52dd\u6027\u5b9a\u975e (p223) <\/span>\u9918\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5927\u4ed9\u81ea\u7acb\u5951\u7d93\u7686\u52ff\u4e82\u58de\u725f\u5c3c\u8ecc\u6545\uff0c\u5f7c\u4ea6\u640d\u65bc\u6b63\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5f15\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\uff0c\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u9593\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u7684\u4e09\u4e16\u9593\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u4ed6\u8d85\u52dd\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u4f5b\u518d\u8d85\u52dd\u3001\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u3002\u6b8a\u52dd\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u5440\uff1f\u300c徧\u667a\u6b63\u77e5\u7121\u9918\u52dd\u6027\u5b9a\u975e\u9918\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4f5b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u667a\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u667a\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f97\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0d\u907a\u6f0f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5341\u6cd5\u754c\u7576\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u4f5b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u83e9\u85a9\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5713\u6eff\uff0c\u8072\u805e\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u51e1\u592b\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5951\u7d93\u662f\u300c\u5927\u4ed9\u81ea\u7acb\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5927\u4ed9\u5c31\u662f\u4f5b\uff0c\u300c\u7686\u52ff\u4e82\u300d\u2014\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u4e82\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8070\u660e\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u9019\u500b\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u300d\u6211\u5011\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\uff0c\u72af\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f5b\u83e9\u85a9\u8ddf\u7956\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u884c\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5c0d\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u5c0d\u5566\u3001\u4e0d\u7528\u5566\uff01\u300d\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u615a\u6127\u5440\uff01\u6211\u5011\u662f\u672b\u4e16\u51e1\u592b\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u300c\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u90a3\u500b\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u505a\u5230\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6771\u897f\u975e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u3001\u975e\u6211\u6240\u80fd\u3002\u300d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u554a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u9069\u61c9\u5566\uff01\u300d\u90a3\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5728\u6f5b (p224) <\/span>\u610f\u8b58\u88e1\u9762\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5c0d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5224\u5225\u5f97\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4f60\u932f\u3002\uff08\u7de8\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u7591\u5e2b\u53e3\u8aa4\uff0c\u4f3c\u61c9\u70ba\u300c\u4ed6\u932f\u4f60\u5c0d\u300d\u3002\uff09\u90a3\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u4f5b\u6c92\u770b\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6703\u55ce\uff1f\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u554a\uff01\u96a8\u4fbf\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7576\u4e2d\u78b0\u898b\u4e00\u9ede\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u9019\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u8acd\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9019\u500b\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u300d\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u7576\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u6162\u6162\u5730\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f5b\u7d93\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u9577\u6210\u529f\u9019\u500b\u5927\u6211\u6162\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u8b6d\u8b17\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u4fee\u6301\u5c31\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7a69\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f60\u7e3d\u6b78\u81ea\u5df1\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u898b\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u6b63\u61c9\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u61c9\u4e86\u8aaa\u300c\u77e5\u5165\u8655\u300d\u2014\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5f9e\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u5165\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u9084\u8981\u300c\u6c42\u6df1\u9032\u300d\uff0c\u6c42\u6df1\u9032\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5440\uff1f\u6de8\u9664\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u6211\u66c9\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u300d\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u9664\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4f5c\u589e\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8981\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u8a71\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u5951\u7d93\u662f\u4f5b\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5343\u5343\u842c\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u96a8\u4fbf\u5730\u5984\u52a0\u662f\u975e\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5984\u52a0\u662f\u975e\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u7684\uff0c\u6bdb\u75c5\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u5462\uff1f\u6bdb\u75c5\u51fa\u5728\u2014\u6b20\u5e2b\u627f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u7d93\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u771f\u6b63\u8aaa\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u7fd2\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u59cb (p225) <\/span>\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u7fd2\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u6a23\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u77e5\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7121\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u8ad2\u4f60\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u597d\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u597d\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\u90a3\u500b\u7f6a\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u72af\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7f6a\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u8ad2\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e16\u9593\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e09\u60e1\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u660e\u660e\u66c9\u5f97\u8981\u4e0b\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u6211\u7136\u5f8c\u8981\u9020\u5730\u7344\u696d\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u561b\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5f88\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8aaa\u300c\u58de\u725f\u5c3c\u8ecc\u6545\uff0c\u5f7c\u4ea6\u640d\u65bc\u6b63\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f5b\u7acb\u90a3\u500b\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u8f15\u8f15\u6613\u6613\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u5b83\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u640d\u5bb3\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7a4d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8b17\u6cd5\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u66c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u986f\u5bc6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u300c\u5951\u7d93\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u986f\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u7e8c\u90e8\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5bc6\u6559\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5bf6\u8c9d\u5440\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u52dd\u8005\u8056\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u52dd\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u3001\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6700\u6b8a\u52dd\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u90a3\u73fe\u5728\u554f\u984c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u5462\uff1f\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3010\u96d6\u5176\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u7136\u56e0\u672b\u4ee3\u8af8\u6240\u5316\u6a5f\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u5b9a\u91cf\u91cb\u8ad6\u53ca\u5584\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u65bc\u4f5b\u81f3\u8a00\u81ea\u529b\u8da3\u8005\uff0c\u5bc6\u610f\u83ab\u7372\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u672b\u4ee3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f5b\u8981\u6240\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u6211 (p226) <\/span>\u5011\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u672b\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u54ea\u6839\u5668\u5dee\u3001\u696d\u969c\u91cd\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6dfa\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u5b9a\u91cf\u91cb\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5b9a\u91cf\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u9020\u8ad6\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u8db3\u4e09\u500b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6c92\u6709\u5177\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u96a8\u96a8\u4fbf\u4fbf\u4f86\u5beb\uff0c\u90a3\u771f\u662f\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u90fd\u662f\u5f15\u4eba\u8d70\u4e0a\u932f\u8def\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u9060\u8def\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u4e86\u89e3\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u5bc6\u7684\u610f\u8da3\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5177\u8db3\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f5b\u7684\u9019\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u5bc6\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u6307\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u958b\u4e86\u7ac5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u516d\u7956\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u9019\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u770b\u90a3\u500b\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u8aaa\u554a\uff1a\u300c\u67d0\u4eba\u54ea\uff01\u4f60\u4f4f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e0a\u982d\uff0c\u4e0d\u601d\u5584\u3001\u4e0d\u601d\u60e1\uff0c\u6b63\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4f60\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff01\u6b38\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u90a3\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7576\u4e0b\u5c31\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u9019\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5440\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6388\u2014\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5584\u5de7\u7684\u6559\u6388\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff01<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6545\u8af8\u5927\u8eca\uff0c\u9020\u8af8\u91cb\u8ad6\u53ca\u8af8\u6559\u6388\u3002\u662f\u6545\u82e5\u662f\u6e05\u6de8\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u65bc\u8af8\u5ee3\u5927\u7d93\u8ad6\uff0c\u9808\u80fd\u6388\u8207\u6c7a\u5b9a (p227) <\/span>\u4fe1\u89e3\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5927\u8eca\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5927\u8eca\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5169\u500b\u5927\u6d3e\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u9020\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7d93\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5225\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u7cbe\u8981\u7684\u8981\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5b83\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6388\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6709\u5713\u6eff\u50b3\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c\u4e03\u5377 B\u9762 \u4e0a\u65e5\u4e0b\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b \uff08\u624b\u6284\u641e \u7b2c\u4e00\u518a p13\uff09 \u9019\u500b\u6c34\u7684\u8cea\u6c92\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u4e8c\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u7576\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u4f5b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521d\u5fc3\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u767c\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u9084\u6eff\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u4e0a\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u2014\u4f5b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u8d70\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u767c\u5927\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u300c\u8fd1\u300d\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u671f\u671b\u7684\u662f\u5927\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u679c\u7684\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01\u4f60\u5047\u5b9a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u63e1\u5f97\u4f4f\uff0c\u8d70\u9032\u53bb\u884c\u6301\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01\u73fe\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u96e3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u2014\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9084\u8981\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6211\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u3001\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u8a71\u5462\u2014\u300c\u884c\u679c\u5713\u6eff\u300d\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff1f\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u4e09\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u7262\u7262\u8a18\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u7db1\u8981\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u53d7\u7528\u4e0d\u76e1\u3002\u5f8c\u9762\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7db1\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u5730\u5982\u5176\u6b21\u7b2c\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u61c9\u8a72\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e00\u4e00\u653e\u5c07\u9032\u53bb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff1a p. 11 (11) (p214) \u3010\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u6566\u5df4\u4ec1\u6ce2\u537f\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u80fd\u77e5\u4ee5\u56db\u65b9\u9053\uff0c\u651d\u6301\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\u8005\uff0c\u8b02\u6211\u5e2b\u9577\u3002\u300d\u6b64\u8a9e\u5373\u662f\u6975\u5927\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u8655\u3002\u3011 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(p215) \u3010\u7531\u6b64\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6559\u6388\u80fd\u651d\u7d93\u5492\u4e00\u5207\u627c\u8981\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u4e2d\u800c\u6b63\u5f15\u5c0e\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u5177\u8db3\u901a\u9054\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\u7121\u9055\u6b8a\u52dd\u3002\u3011 \u7531\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u66c9\u5f97\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6559\u6388\u300d\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u672c\u8ad6\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u8ad6\u6240\u4f9d\u7684\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c0a\u8005\u7684\u6240\u9020\u7684\u300a\u9053\u70ac\u8ad6\u300b\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u986f\u5bc6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6027\u76f8\u5404\u5b97\u7684\u5b97\u8981\u7d71\u7d71\u2014\u5b97\u8981\u662f\u5927\u7db1\u2014\u7d71\u7d71\u542b\u651d\u5728\u88e1\u982d\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u2014\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u60c5\u2014\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6210\u4f5b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6388\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u9054\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u9055\u80cc\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u9055\u80cc\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff01\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5411\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5b97\u6d3e\u6797\u7acb\u3001\u5404\u722d\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6027\u76f8\uff0c\u986f\u5bc6\uff0c\u5411\u4f86\u8aaa\u300c\u6027\u76f8\u6c7a\u88c2\u300d\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5169\u96bb\u8173\u4e00\u6a23\u5730\u5404\u4f7f\u5404\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u7384\u5958\u5927\u5e2b\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u53bb\u6c42\u5b78\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u6027\u5b97\u4f86\u6392\u65a5\u76f8\u5b97\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u6703\u5b97\u8a18\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6703\u5b97\u8a18\u300b\u3002\u5404\u5b97\u5404\u6d3e\uff0c\u662f\uff01\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\u8a71\u5012\u662f\u4e00\u9ad4\u4e92\u76f8\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u6211\u662f\u6c92\u770b\u904e\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u9806\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6848\u4f86\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6848\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5728\u300a\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u5728\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u51fa\u5728\u300a\u897f\u57df\u50b3\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u4e5f (p216) \u6709\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u300b\u6211\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u770b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5370\u8c61\u4e0d\u6df1\uff0c\u6211\u9f13\u52f5\u4f60\u5011\u540c\u5b78\u9019\u7a2e\u66f8\u8981\u591a\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u5982\u679c\u770b\u898b\u7684\u6642\u5019\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u516c\u6848\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u5927\u4e58\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u83e9\u85a9\u2014\u4e16\u89aa\u83e9\u85a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u5b78\u5c0f\u4e58\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5927\u4e58\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u54e5\u54e5\u7121\u8457\u83e9\u85a9\u7684\u63a5\u5f15\uff0c\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u5272\u820c\u982d\u3002\u4ed6\u54e5\u54e5\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u5272\u820c\u982d\u6c92\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u820c\u982d\u5272\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u8b6d\u8b17\u7684\u7f6a\u9084\u5728\uff1b\u4ee5\u524d\u4f60\u62ff\u820c\u982d\u53bb\u8b6d\u8b17\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u7528\u820c\u982d\u4f86\u8b9a\u63da\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u529f\u904e\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u92b7\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u92b7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u7684\u6b8a\u52dd\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u627a\u92b7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f6a\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u9577\u7121\u908a\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u561b\uff01\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c31\u8b9a\u63da\u90a3\u500b\u5927\u4e58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e16\u89aa\u8ad6\u5e2b\u300c\u5343\u90e8\u8ad6\u4e3b\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u771f\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002 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(p217) \u4e86\uff01\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u59cb\u7d42\u907f\u958b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5462\uff0c\u773e\u8ce2\u8ad6\u5e2b\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8faf\u3002 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(p221) 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p. 12 \u3010\u4ee5\u80fd\u958b\u793a\u4e00\u5207\u53d6\u6368\u8981\u7fa9\uff0c\u76e1\u96e2\u8b2c\u8aa4\u8005\uff0c\u7368\u552f\u4f5b\u6545\u3002\u3011 \u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u9ede\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u2014\u4f5b\u3002 \u3010\u5982\u662f\u4ea6\u5982\u300a\u76f8\u7e8c\u672c\u6bcd\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u6b64\u4e16\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u5584\u5de7\u65bc\u52dd\u8005\uff0c\u904d\u667a\u6b63\u77e5\u7121\u9918\u52dd\u6027\u5b9a\u975e (p223) \u9918\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5927\u4ed9\u81ea\u7acb\u5951\u7d93\u7686\u52ff\u4e82\u58de\u725f\u5c3c\u8ecc\u6545\uff0c\u5f7c\u4ea6\u640d\u65bc\u6b63\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\u3011 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