{"id":277,"date":"2014-01-22T23:52:59","date_gmt":"2014-01-22T23:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/?page_id=277"},"modified":"2014-01-22T23:57:46","modified_gmt":"2014-01-22T23:57:46","slug":"gl1-07a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theqi.com\/theqiorg\/2014\/01\/22\/gl1-07a\/","title":{"rendered":"GL1-07a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u8b1b\u8a18 \u7b2c\u4e03\u5377 A\u9762<\/h1>\n

\u4e0a<\/sup>\u65e5\u4e0b<\/sup>\u5e38\u6cd5\u5e2b<\/p>\n

\n

\uff08\u624b\u6284\u641e \u7b2c\u4e00\u518a p199\uff09<\/p>\n

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(p200) <\/span>\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u8acb\u7ffb\u958b\u5341\u4e00\u9801\u3002\u6628\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u628a\u4f5b\u6cd5\u88e1\u908a\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u662f\u6709\u5c11\u5c11\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u70ba\u773c\u524d\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u4eba\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u7684\u958b\u2014\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u61c9\u8a72\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5462\uff0c\u906e\u2014\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5c31\u773c\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a76\u7adf\u4f86\u8aaa\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u504f\u504f\u53c8\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5f97\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5927\u7db1\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5927\u7db1\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u6b65\u9a5f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6301\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u7d93\u9a57\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u5916\u9762\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u300c\u4f3c\u52dd\u89e3\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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p. 11 (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5048\u5b50\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u8aaa\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5f04\u90a3\u500b\u73a9\u90a3\u500b\u6ce5\u5df4\uff0c\u9020\u4e86\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5bfa\u9662\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u7de3\u800c\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u4f55\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u8a8d\u771f\u771f\uff0c\u62cb\u958b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6eab\u6696\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u4fee\u5b78\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u6703\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u9060\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9060\u8def\u8f49\u7684\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6975\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u6015\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n

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(p203) <\/span>\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u9032\u5165\u5927\u4e58\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u505a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\uff0c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u4e00\u518d\u958b\u793a\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u53c3\u8a2a\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u96a8\u8655\u96a8\u5730\u90a3\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u4e00\u518d\u958b\u793a\u4ed6\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8981\u6210\u4f5b\u554a\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u667a\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u300d\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5230\u5f8c\u9762\u8aaa\uff0c\u5230\u5f8c\u9762\u8aaa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

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(p204) <\/span>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7562\u7adf\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u8981\u5713\u6eff\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u5713\u6eff\u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\u4f60\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u4e0d\u5713\u6eff\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u5713\u6eff\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u901a\u76f8\u5b97\u4e0d\u901a\u6027\u5b97\u55ce\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u901a\u5927\u4e58\u4e0d\u901a\u5c0f\u4e58\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\u5713\u6eff\u55ce\uff1f\u90a3\u7576\u7136\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u4fee\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u90a3\u689d\u8def\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u6cd5\u5c0d\u4f60\u4ee5\u524d\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5167\u5fc3\u4e0a\u9762\u8d77\u885d\u7a81\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u662f\u5ff5\u4f5b\u6216\u8005\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5b78\u4e00\u9ede\u6559\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u89ba\u5f97\u5f46\u626d\uff1a\u300c\u5509\u5440\uff01\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5168\u90e8\u7cbe\u795e\u8dd1\u5f97\u53bb\u53eb\u6211\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\uff01\u300d\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u6703\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u5730\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6628\u5929\u4e5f\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u53eb\u4f60\u4e0d\u53c3\u79aa\u3001\u4e0d\u5ff5\u4f5b\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5b78\u6559\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\u624d\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5ff5\u4f5b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u53c3\u79aa\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u6559\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u90a3\u5dee\u5225\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5fd9\u8457\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u628a\u63e1\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u8a72\u4e0b\u624b\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8d70\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u689d\u8def\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u3001\u6700\u597d\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u8aaa\u539f\u4f86\u6574\u500b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4f86\u90fd\u8981\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6b21\u7b2c\u6b65\u9a5f\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u672b\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\u4f60\u8981\u78ba\u5b9a\u8a8d\u8b58\u800c\u4e14\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4e0b\u9762\u8aaa\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u3010\u8af8\u73fe\u80fd\u4fee\u8005\u5373\u7576\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u3011<\/p>\n

(p205) <\/span>\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u8a8d\u5f97\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6574\u500b\u7684\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u8aaa\u6574\u500b\u8981\u4fee\u4f5b\u6cd5\u8981\u4fee\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u8d70\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c92\u6709\u8d70\u7684\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u9019\u6a23\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8d70\u51a4\u6789\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8e90\u7b49\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u5ff5\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u561b\u5f9e\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u958b\u59cb\u8981\u5ff5\u5230\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4f60\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u55ef\uff0c\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u5c0f\u5b78\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u9593\u63d2\u73ed\u9032\u53bb\u3002\u5426\u5247\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u300d\u4f60\u4e5f\u8df3\u4e0a\u53bb\u8dd1\u5230\u63d2\u73ed\u9032\u53bb\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u624d\u5ff5\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u597d\u5927\u51a4\u6789\u82e6\u982d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7531\u65bc\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u5169\u9ede\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0b\u624b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u80fd\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u8d77\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u8af8\u73fe\u672a\u80fd\u5be6\u9032\u6b62\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u61c9\u4ee5\u81ea\u672a\u80fd\u8da3\u800c\u70ba\u56e0\u76f8\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u68c4\u6368\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u300c\u9032\u6b62\u300d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u505a\u2014\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u300c\u6b62\u3001\u4f5c\u300d\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u6b62\u3001\u4f5c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6301\u6212\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u4e0d\u9019\u6a23\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4f60\u505a\uff1b\u5e73\u5e38\u8a72\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5411\u7fd2\u6163\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7167\u8457\u4f5b\u6212\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u589e\u9577\u6211\u5011\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u5f04\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u8f2a\u8ff4\u751f\u6b7b\uff1b\u7167\u8457\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u9019\u6a23\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0d\u5927\u5c0d\u52c1\u3001\u5f46\u5f46\u626d\u626d\uff0c (p206) <\/span>\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6b63\u662f\u8981\u4f60\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u4fee\u884c\u5440\uff1f\u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u561b\uff01\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u67d3\u6c61\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u96a8\u4fbf\u770b\uff0c\u5594\uff01\u773c\u524d\u684c\u5b50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u7528\u5228\u5b50\u4f86\u5228\u4e00\u5228\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u90a3\u65a7\u982d\u4f86\u780d\u4e00\u780d\u3002\u5c0d\u90a3\u5f35\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u90a3\u684c\u5b50\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u780d\u4e0a\u53bb\u6703\u75db\u561b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5440\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u9762\u6703\u75db\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6703\u96e3\u53d7\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u8aaa\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u4e00\u751f\u53d7\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u500b\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u76e1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u982d\u4e0a\u5e7e\u5e74\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u561b\u958b\u8d77\u53e3\u4f86\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e00\u7121\u662f\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u5fc3\u611f\u5ff5\u4e0d\u76e1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u628a\u6211\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7fd2\u6c23\u6539\u904e\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u7684\u78ba\u78ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u500b\u4e5f\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5230\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u554a\uff01\u666e\u666e\u901a\u901a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u8ddf\u4f60\u5f04\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u51a4\u5bb6\u5c0d\u982d\uff0c\u9019\u5f88\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5206\u5225\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c07\u4f86\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u8ddf\u9019\u500b\u5584\u5b78\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5be6\u5728\u9032\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u54ea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4e0d\u8981\u5b83\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4e0d\u8981\u5b83\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u898b\u7684\uff1a\u662f\uff01\u6211\u662f\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u500b\u5ff5\u4f5b\u2014\u90a3\u500b\u8001\u516c\u516c\u3001\u8001\u5a46\u5a46\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u5b78\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8aaa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fee\u884c\u4eba\u76f2\u4fee\u778e\u934a\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8aaa\u4ed6\u662f\u7a7a\u53e3\u8aaa\u767d\u8a71\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u773c\u524d\u7d93\u5e38\u78b0\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u55ce\uff1f\u5047\u5b9a\u8aaa\u662f\u50cf\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5b\u8aaa\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u9053\u7406\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554a\uff1f\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00 (p207) <\/span>\u500b\u6232\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u662f\u4f5b\u5e36\u7684\u982d\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u5662\uff01\u8aaa\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u5165\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5176\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u80fd\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u68c4\u6368\u5b83\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u672a\u80fd\u8da3\u2014\u8da3\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u2014\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u68c4\u6368\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u61c9\u4f5c\u662f\u601d\uff0c\u9858\u4ee5\u4f55\u6642\u65bc\u5982\u662f\u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u8da3\u906e\u9580\uff0c\u73fe\u4fee\u5b78\u8036\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\uff0c\u300c\u77e5\u5165\u8655\u300d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0b\u624b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71\u662f\u7a7a\u8ac7\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff0c\u300c\u77e5\u6df1\u9032\u65b9\u4fbf\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u624d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u5c0d\u6211\u5011 (p208) <\/span>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff01\u8acb\u554f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5440\uff1f\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8dd1\u5f97\u4f86\u62dc\u62dc\u4f5b\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u62dc\u62dc\u4f5b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7ba1\uff1b\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5ff5\u5b83\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u516d\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u5ff5\u5b83\u300c\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u300d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u53c3\u79aa\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u6216\u8005\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff01\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f80\u751f\u3002\u300d\u90a3\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u55ae\u5728\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4f60\u5ff5\u9019\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f80\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u90a3\u5634\u5df4\u88e1\u5ff5\u5f97\u5f88\u97ff\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5fc3\u88e1\u80e1\u601d\u4e82\u60f3\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u81ea\u5df1\u89ba\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f80\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u554a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u600e\u9ebc\u53bb\u6539\u5584\u5b83\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff01\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5ff5\u561b\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5ff5\u561b\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u6563\u4e82\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\u3002\u300d\u9019\u662f\u500b\u597d\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6df1\u9032\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u554f\u984c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u54e6\uff01\u8aaa\u4f60\u7a76\u7adf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u5230\u4e86\u6975\u6a02\u4e16\u754c\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u6210\u4f5b\u5440\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u5ff5\u9019\u4e00\u8072\u4f5b\u5c31\u5927\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\u4e0d\u57f7\u8457\u53c3\u79aa\uff0c\u662f\u5ff5\u4f5b\u7684\u4e0d\u57f7\u8457\u5ff5\u4f5b\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u5230\u4e86\u6975\u6a02\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5927\u5fb9\u5927\u609f\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5b78\u6559\u7684\u5927\u958b\u5713\u89e3\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f\u4f60\u9084\u8981\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f\u558f\uff01\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u88e1\u2014\u77e5\u6df1\u9032\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0a\u9032\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6709\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u5920\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5920\u4e4b\u524d\u53bb\u5b78\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b78\u9019\u500b\u662f\u96c6\u805a\u8cc7\u7ce7\u3001\u589e\u9577\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6de8 (p209) <\/span>\u9664\u7f6a\u969c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u5920\u6162\u6162\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u5ff5\u66f8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5730\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5347\u5230\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\u3001\u5347\u5230\u4e94\u5e74\u7d1a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5982\u679c\u8d70\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5ff5\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\uff0c\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\u3001\u4e94\u5e74\u7d1a\u9019\u500b\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7b97\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u5ff5\u5b8c\u4e86\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u767c\u73fe\u8981\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f60\u628a\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8def\u65e9\u5c31\u5207\u65b7\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u561b\u4e1f\u6389\uff0c\u628a\u8001\u5e2b\u561b\u8d95\u8d70\uff0c\u628a\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u5b78\u8cbb\u561b\u7d71\u7d71\u82b1\u6389\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u5ff5\u5b8c\u4e86\u5e79\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u696d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u9019\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u9019\u88e1\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u5011\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7576\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u5fc3\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u5fc3\u5ff5\u7576\u4e2d\u696d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u5206\u8fa8\u2014\u525b\u624d\u8aaa\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c\u8aaa\u904e\u7684\u3002\u773c\u524d\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u300c\u601d\u5fc3\u6240\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\uff01\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u8981\u7684\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u4f86\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u6703\u8da3\u5411\u65bc\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4f60\u9019\u500b\u6392\u65a5\u5b83\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5230\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u9019\u500b\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u73fe\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\u7b49\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e16\u3001\u4e0b\u591a\u5c11\u4e16\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u99ac\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u773c\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u6211\u8ddf\u6bdb\u5c45\u58eb\u5169\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u500b\u50a2\u4f19\uff0c\u6211\u9019\u3001\u9019\u3001\u9019\u500b\u8a0e\u53ad\u4ed6\u3002\u300d\u7136\u5f8c\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u8001\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\u3002\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u898b\u4e86\u9762\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8001\u9060\u770b\u898b\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u958b\u5c31\u907f\u958b\u3002\u300d\u5426\u5247\u7684\u8a71 (p210) <\/span>\u5462\uff0c\u77aa\u4ed6\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6697\u6697\u88e1\u9762\u50b7\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f60\u898b\u4e86\u9762\u4f60\u6703\u9019\u6a23\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u500b\u601d\u5fc3\u6240\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6703\u5f88\u8a73\u7d30\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5047\u4f7f\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u898b\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u4ed6\u525b\u624d\u5e6b\u4e86\u6211\u4e00\u500b\u5fd9\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u771f\u597d\uff01\u300d\u6211\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e0b\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5831\u7b54\u4ed6\u561b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\u5e7e\u53e5\u611f\u6fc0\u4ed6\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8001\u9060\u770b\u898b\u4ed6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u5fd9\uff0c\u6211\u9023\u5fd9\u7b11\u81c9\u76f8\u8fce\uff1a\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u8b1d\u8b1d\u4f60\u554a\uff01\u300d\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f60\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6703\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5fc3\u88e1\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5462\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u78b0\u898b\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5c0d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u8acb\u554f\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u800c\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u5148\u6709\u7684\u56e0\u7a2e\u554a\uff1f\u300c\u7a2e\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u56e0\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u7a2e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5927\u5e78\u800c\u8a8d\u5f97\u4e86\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u865b\u5984\u5206\u5225\u5440\uff01\u300d\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6bdb\u75c5\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5b78\u53c3\u79aa\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\uff1b\u4f60\u5b78\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5730\u72af\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u9042\u4ee5\u5176\u56e0\uff0c\u96c6\u7a4d\u8cc7\u7ce7\uff0c\u6de8\u6cbb\u7f6a\u969c\uff0c\u5ee3\u767c\u6b63\u9858\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

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(p200) \u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5ee3\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u8acb\u7ffb\u958b\u5341\u4e00\u9801\u3002\u6628\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u628a\u4f5b\u6cd5\u88e1\u908a\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u662f\u6709\u5c11\u5c11\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u70ba\u773c\u524d\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u4eba\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u7684\u958b\u2014\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u61c9\u8a72\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5462\uff0c\u906e\u2014\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5c31\u773c\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a76\u7adf\u4f86\u8aaa\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u504f\u504f\u53c8\u5728\u4fee\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5f97\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5927\u7db1\uff0c\u4fee\u5b78\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7684\u5927\u7db1\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b21\u7b2c\u6b65\u9a5f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6301\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u7d93\u9a57\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u5916\u9762\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u300c\u4f3c\u52dd\u89e3\u300d\u3002 \u90a3\u500b\u52dd\u89e3\u5b83\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u9019\u500b\u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e0a\u982d\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a\u8aaa\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u6240\u8a8d\u5f97\u90a3\u500b\u2014\u8a8d\u4ee5\u70ba\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5883\u754c\u2014\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u78ba\u5b9a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u898b\u6216\u8005\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f86\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53eb\u300c\u52dd\u89e3\u300d\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u773c\u524d\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u300c\u6b38\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u662f\u6709\u71df\u990a\u3002\u300d\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5bb6\u8aaa\u591a\u5c11\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7262\u4e0d\u53ef\u7834\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u773c\u524d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5c0d\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u9019 (p201) \u500b\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u5916\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u901a\u5e38\u53eb\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u52dd\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5c31\u6703\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u8b6d\u8b17\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8b17\u6cd5\u7684\u7f6a\u696d\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u8b17\u6cd5\u7684\u7f6a\u696d\u5462\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u9678\u9678\u7e8c\u7e8c\u6703\u8b1b\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u4fee\u884c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u770b\u66f8\u672c\u4e0a\u9762\u5341\u4e00\u9801\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\uff0c p. 11 (7) \u3010\u25ce \u662f\u6545\u61c9\u7576\u4f9d\u5584\u4f9d\u6019\uff0c\u65bc\u5176\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u8a00\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u4e00\u6578\u53d6\u8da3\uff0c\u6210\u4f5b\u652f\u7de3\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ee4\u8d77\u5b9a\u89e3\u3002\u3011 \u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u5206\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u60f3\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u5584\u6839\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u9019\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u6b62\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u660e\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u4f9d\u6b62\u2014\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u76f8\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u9762\u5982\u679c\u505a\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u6703\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u9762\u5f04\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u5927\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6700\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8d70\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\uff01\u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u300b\u4e0a\u9762\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u65e9\u5c31\u61f8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4f60\u5230\u5bfa\u9662\u7576\u4e2d\u300c\u4e00\u5408\u638c\u3001\u5c0f\u4f4e\u982d\u7686\u5df2\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u300d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u82e5\u4eba\u6563\u4e82\u5fc3\uff0c\u5165\u65bc\u5854\u5edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a31\u5357\u7121\u4f5b\uff0c\u7686\u5df2\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u3002\u300d\u4ee5\u6563\u4e82\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u666e\u666e\u901a (p202) \u901a\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u96a8\u4fbf\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5edf\u88e1\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u4f5b\uff0c\u7a31\u4e00\u8072\uff1a\u300c\u554a\uff01\u5357\u7121\u4f5b\u3002\u300d\u6216\u8005\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u3001\u5357\u7121\u672c\u5e2b\u91cb\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4f5b\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u6210\u4f5b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5048\u5b50\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u88e1\u908a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u8aaa\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5f04\u90a3\u500b\u73a9\u90a3\u500b\u6ce5\u5df4\uff0c\u9020\u4e86\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5bfa\u9662\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6b38\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u7de3\u800c\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u4f55\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u8a8d\u771f\u771f\uff0c\u62cb\u958b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6eab\u6696\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8dd1\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u4fee\u5b78\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u6703\u6210\u4f5b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u9060\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9060\u8def\u8f49\u7684\u5927\u5708\u5b50\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6975\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5f04\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u60e1\u9053\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u6015\u7684\uff01 \u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5b\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4f5b\u7d93\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u5f9e\u300a\u963f\u542b\u300b\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u96a8\u4fbf\u3001\u96a8\u8655\u7d93\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u4f5b\u6559\u8aa1\u6211\u5011\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8aaa\u300a\u963f\u542b\u300b\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u6bb5\u516c\u6848\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u963f\u96e3\u5728\u9019\u500b\u975c\u5750\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u601d\u60df\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u60f3\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u5e38\u5e38\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u554a\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u61c2\u3002\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5c31\u8dd1\u5f97\u53bb\u554f\u4f5b\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u9640\u554a\uff01\u4f60\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u5e38\u5e38\u958b\u793a\u6211\u5011\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u6211\u60f3\u60f3\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u932f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u4e00\u5927\u534a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u884c\u4e00\u5927\u534a\u8981\u9760\u9019\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u554a\uff01\u300d\u4f5b\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u963f\u96e3\u54ea\uff0c\u4f60\u932f\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u300c\u55ef\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u932f\u5440\uff1f\u300d\u4f5b\u9640\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u534a\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u8981\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u300d\u300c\u54e6\uff01\u5168\u90e8\u8981\u9760\u3002\u300d\u5c0f\u4e58\u5594\uff01 (p203) \u7136\u5f8c\u5462\u9032\u5165\u5927\u4e58\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u300b\u505a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\uff0c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u4e00\u518d\u958b\u793a\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5584\u8ca1\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u53c3\u8a2a\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u96a8\u8655\u96a8\u5730\u90a3\u500b\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u4e00\u518d\u958b\u793a\u4ed6\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8981\u6210\u4f5b\u554a\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u4e00\u5207\u667a\u667a\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u300d\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5230\u5f8c\u9762\u8aaa\uff0c\u5230\u5f8c\u9762\u8aaa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u5b78\u4f5b\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 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\u3010\u8af8\u73fe\u80fd\u4fee\u8005\u5373\u7576\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u3011 (p205) 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(p207) \u500b\u6232\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u662f\u4f5b\u5e36\u7684\u982d\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u5662\uff01\u8aaa\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u5165\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5176\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u80fd\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u68c4\u6368\u5b83\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u672a\u80fd\u8da3\u2014\u8da3\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u2014\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u68c4\u6368\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u554a\uff1f 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